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. 2020 Jul 10;14:691. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00691

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Copyright © 2020 Soya and Sakurai.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Neuronal system of orexin is highly conserved in vertebrates. Upper squares show a coronal view of the brain focusing on orexin neurons (red dots) in different species [human (Peyron et al., 2000), rat (Nambu et al., 1999), bird (Ohkubo et al., 2002), amphibian (López et al., 2009), and fish (Appelbaum et al., 2009)]. Lower squares show a sagittal view of the brain focusing on the populations of orexin neurons in different species. Arrows show the anatomical orientation (A, anterior; P, posterior; D, dorsal; and V, ventral). DMH, dorsomedial nuclei of hypothalamus; LHA, lateral hypothalamic area; PaF, parafornical nucleus; 3V, third ventricle; PeF, perifornical hypothalamus; PHN, periventricular hypothalamic nucleus; VM, ventromedial thalamic nucleus; SC, suprachiasmatic nucleus; OC, optic chiasm; Hd, dorsal zone of periventricular hypothalamus; Hv, ventral zone of periventricular hypothalamus.