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. 2020 Jul 10;8:784. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00784

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Copyright © 2020 Elsayed, Faroni, Ashraf, Osuji, Wunderley, Zhang, Elsobky, Mansour, Zidan and Reid.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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TEM images of in vitro Wallerian degeneration model showing ongoing degeneration of the nerve axons and myelin. (A) (D0 left) Healthy rat sciatic nerve at day zero (D0) showed preserved myelin structures (blue arrows) and surrounded by Schwann cells cytoplasm (yellow arrow). (A) (D0 right) Nerve at higher magnification with regular myelin lamellae (blue arrow) and Schwann cell nucleus (red arrow). Multiple unmyelinated axons (green arrow) surrounded by Remak Schwann cell (yellow arrow) grouped in Remak bundles were also observed. (B) (D2 left) The second day (D2) post transection, the Wallerian Degeneration (WD) was evidenced by the appearance of multiple vacuoles within the myelin structures (green arrows) with the collapse of myelin evident at higher magnification (B) (D2 right). (C) Five days (D5) post in vitro WD we observed the disappearance of axonal structures and abundance of myelin debris within Schwann cell cytoplasm (green arrows). (D) Twelve days (D12) post transection and WD, the axons were replaced with amorphous material (green arrows) and myelin structures disappeared (yellow arrows) (Scale bars as in the top row are 5 μm on the right and 500 nm on the left).