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. 2020 Jul 16;6(7):e04451. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04451

Table 4.

Nutrient compositions of Kadsura heteroclita (Roxb.) Craib (per 100 g dry weight).

Nutrients Nutritive values (per 100 g dry weight)
Exocarp Mesocarp Seed Core
Energy (kcal) 385.50 ± 3.46c,∗ 448.46 ± 2.39b,∗ 636.98 ± 1.09a,∗ 368.23 ± 5.45d,∗
Protein (g) 6.03 ± 0.29c,∗ 6.73 ± 0.14bc,∗ 17.74 ± 0.06a,∗ 7.83 ± 1.24b,∗
Fat (g) 2.91 ± 0.07c,∗ 13.53 ± 0.36b,∗ 49.51 ± 0.19a,∗ ND
Carbohydrate (g) 83.80 ± 1.16a,∗ 74.94 ± 0.73b,∗ 30.11 ± 0.08c,∗ 84.23 ± 2.61a,∗
Total dietary fiber (g) 61.58 ± 4.22b,∗ 58.84 ± 1.69b,∗ 34.04 ± 0.11c,∗ 81.45 ± 13.53a,∗
  • -

     SDF (g)

 13.05 ± 0.77a 13.15 ± 0.87a,∗ 4.57 ± 0.05c 7.51 ± 1.09b,∗
  • -

     IDF (g)

 48.53 ± 3.45b,∗ 45.69 ± 1.03b,∗ 29.47 ± 0.06c,∗ 73.94 ± 12.44a,∗
Total sugar (g) 16.28 ± 0.82a 16.82 ± 0.75a,∗ 2.05 ± 0.03c,∗ 11.56 ± 2.04b,∗
  • -

     Fructose (g)

 8.95 ± 0.18a,∗ 9.59 ± 0.39a,∗ 0.89 ± 0.00c,∗ 5.69 ± 0.88b,∗
  • -

     Glucose (g)

 7.32 ± 0.67a,∗ 7.22 ± 0.37a,∗ 0.94 ± 0.01c,∗ 5.87 ± 1.16b,∗
  • -

     Sucrose (g)

 ND ND 0.23 ± 0.01a ND
Ash (g) 7.26 ± 0.87a 4.80 ± 0.44b,∗ 2.64 ± 0.04c,∗ 7.94 ± 1.36a,∗
Vitamin
  • -

     Vitamin C (mg)

 237.19 ± 11.60a,∗ 197.17 ± 5.18b,∗ ND 147.46 ± 21.16c,∗
Minerals
  • -

     Ca (mg)

 234.80 ± 6.43b,∗ 230.84 ± 9.60b,∗ 117.33 ± 0.59c,∗ 604.08 ± 57.23a,∗
  • -

     P (mg)

 413.88 ± 45.01b 416.56 ± 21.54b 494.30 ± 17.79b,∗ 597.91 ± 78.85a
  • -

     Na (mg)

 124.94 ± 8.14ab,∗ 133.59 ± 4.14a,∗ 86.78 ± 2.89c,∗ 111.28 ± 15.19b,∗
  • -

     K (mg)

 1706.05 ± 225.01b,∗ 2118.86 ± 132.44a,∗ 470.80 ± 8.43d,∗ 1313.16 ± 192.34c,∗
  • -

     Mg (mg)

 290.52 ± 55.46b 235.59 ± 10.45b,∗ 993.27 ± 77.40a,∗ 83.51 ± 13.63c,∗
  • -

     Fe (mg)

 1.78 ± 0.05b,∗ 0.73 ± 0.08d 4.58 ± 0.16a,∗ 1.22 ± 0.21c,∗
  • -

     Zn (mg)

 0.99 ± 0.05b,∗ 0.85 ± 0.06c,∗ 3.37 ± 0.02a,∗ 0.71 ± 0.12c,∗

All data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) of triplicate experiments. SDF: soluble dietary fiber; IDF: insoluble dietary fiber; ND: not detected.

a-dshowed significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) of each part within the same sample using one way ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc test.

∗showed significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A.C. Sm. and Kadsura heteroclita (Roxb.) Craib (Table 3) using unpaired sample t-test.