Fig. 1.

a: The noncompliant outer sheath encompassing the elastic flow-inflating bag on the inspiratory limb is depicted.

b: The inspiratory phase is depicted. With the solenoid valve open, tidal volume is delivered via flow paths 3 and 1 through the proximal and distal one-way valves, respectively.

c: The early expiratory phase is depicted. The predominance of the exhaled gas egresses via flow path 2 of the distal one-way valve through the PEEP valve.

d: The one-way bidirectional splitter valves are depicted with three possible flow paths. The common port labeled A can receive inflow from either of the inlet ports labeled B and C. With the valve leaflets open, gas can flow unidirectionally egressing out of the common port from the port labeled B. With the valve leaflets closed, gas can flow bidirectionally between the common port and the port labeled C.

e: At end-exhalation, the distal one-way bidirectional splitter valve permits flow through flow path 1 to maintain PEEP.