Table 1.
Percentage availability of resources for emergency and critical care
| Hospitals n=255 | Smaller Health Facilities n=722 |
All Facilities n=977 | |
| Drugs | |||
| Adrenaline | 195 (76.5%) | 396 (54.9%) | 591 (60.5%) |
| Antibiotic for gram negative bacteria (Gentamycin or ceftriaxone) | 238 (93.3%) | 626 (86.7%) | 864 (88.4%) |
| Antibiotic for gram positive bacteria (Ceftriaxone, Penicillin or gentamycin) | 212 (83.1%) | 492 (68.1%) | 704 (72.1%) |
| Antimalarial (Artesunate or Quinine) | 198 (77.7%) | 487 (67.5%) | 685 (70.1%) |
| Dexamethasone injection | 81 (31.8%) | 94 (13.0%) | 175 (18.0%) |
| Dextrose (5% concentration) | 210 (82.4%) | 484 (67.0%) | 694 (71.0%) |
| Diazepam injection | 221 (86.7%) | 539 (74.7%) | 760 (77.8%) |
| Furosemide | 134 (52.6%) | 240 (33.2% | 374 (38.3%) |
| Glucose Injectable 50% (or other concentration > 10%) | 226 (88.6%) | 511 (70.8%) | 737 (75.4%) |
| Hydrocortisone | 74 (29.0%) | 105 (14.5%) | 179 (18.3%) |
| Insulin injection (Actrapid) | 64 (25.1%) | 12 (1.7%) | 76 (7.8%) |
| IV crystalloid (Ringers Lactate or Normal Saline) | 230 (90.2% | 540 (74.8%) | 770 (78.8%) |
| Ketamine | 50 (19.6%) | 20 (2.8%) | 70 (7.2%) |
| Lidocaine | 229 (89.8%) | 581 (80.5%) | 810 (83.0%) |
| Magnesium sulphate injection | 190 (74.5%) | 311 (43.1%) | 501 (51.3%) |
| Nifedipine | 96 (37.7%) | 113 (15.7%) | 209 (21.4%) |
| Oral rehydration salts | 233 (91.4%) | 589 (81.6%) | 822 (84.1%) |
| Oxytocin or other injectable uterotonic | 207 (81.2%) | 364 (50.4%) | 571 (58.4%) |
| Paracetamol | 228 (89.4%) | 608 (84.2%) | 836 (85.6%) |
| Parenteral opioid (Morphine or Pethidine) |
80 (31.4%) | 11 (1.5%) | 91 (9.3%) |
| Salbutamol inhaler | 118 (46.3%) | 197 (27.3%) | 315 (32.2%) |
| Equipment | |||
| Availability of Electricity always | 63 (24.7%) | 160 (22.2%) | 223 (22.8%) |
| Bag valve mask (Self inflating ambubag and mask-adult) | 108 (42.4 %) | 168 (23.3%) | 276 (28.6%) |
| Bag valve mask (Self inflating ambubag and mask-peads) | 141 (55.3%) | 216 (30.0%) | 35 (36.5%) |
| Blood pressure cuffs | 217 (85.1) | 592 (82.0%) | 809 (82.8%) |
| Disposable gloves | 223 (87.5%) | 649 (89.9%) | 872 (89.3%) |
| Endotracheal tubes | 53 (20.8%) | 0 | 53 (5.4%) |
| Fetal stethoscope | 212 (83.1%) | 299 (41.4%) | 511 (52.3%) |
| Gauze | 205 (80.4%) | 494 (68.4%) | 699 (71.6%) |
| Glucometer and test strips | 105 (41.2%) | 104 (14.4%) | 209 (21.4%) |
| Handwashing soap | 149 (58.4%) | 370 (51.3%) | 519 (53.1%) |
| Infusion sets | 208 (81.6%) | 458 (63.4%) | 666 (68.2%) |
| IV small cannula | 229 (89.8%) | 499 (69.1%) | 728 (74.5%) |
| Light source or flashlight | 128 (50.2 %) | 246 (34.1%) | 374 (38.2%) |
| Nasal gastric tube | 57 (22.4%) | 32 (4.4%) | 89 (9.1%) |
| Nebulization device (Nebuliser or spacers) | 80 (31.4%) | 70 (9.7%) | 150 (15.4%) |
| Oropharyngeal airway adult | 63 (24.7% | 0 | 63 (6.5%) |
| Oropharyngeal airway children | 57 (22.4%) | 0 | 57 (5.8%) |
| Oxygen | 100 (39.2%) | 65 (9.0%) | 165 (16.9%) |
| Peak flow meters | 22 (8.6%) | 15 (2.1%) | 3 (3.8%) |
| Pulse oximeter | 59 (23.1%) | 35 (4.9%) | 9 (9.6%) |
| Running water | 227 (89.0%) | 590 (81.7%) | 817 (83.6%) |
| Sharps container | 219 (85.9%) | 642 (88.9%) | 861 (88.1%) |
| Single use standard disposable syringes | 225 (88.2%) | 637 (88.2%) | 862 (88.2%) |
| Skin disinfectant | 222 (87.1%) | 222 (87.1%) | 770 (78.8%) |
| Stethoscope | 244 (95.7%) | 656 (90.9%) | 900 (92.1%) |
| Suction apparatus | 165 (64.7%) | 187 (26.0%) | 352 (36.0%) |
| Thermometer | 232 (91.0%) | 619 (85.7%) | 851 (87.1%) |
| Weigh scales (Adult and children) | 204 (80.0%) | 461 (63.9%) | 665 (68.1%) |
| Support Services | |||
| Blood chemistry analyser | 55 (21.6%) | 12 (1.7%) | 67 (6.9%) |
| Blood transfusion services | 89 (35.0%) | 0 | 89 (9.1%) |
| Blood typing services | 98 (38.4%) | 25 (3.5%) | 123 (12.6%) |
| Communication lines (Cell phone/Telephone/Radio) | 225 (88.2%) | 584 (80.9%) | 809 (82.8%) |
| Diagnostic radiology | 76 (29.8%) | 7 (1.0%) | 83 (8.5%) |
| Gram stain | 79 (31.0%) | 12 (1.7%) | 91 (9.3%) |
| Haemoglobin | 133 (52.2%) | 95 (13.2%) | 228 (23.3%) |
| Laboratory diagnostic services including rapid diagnostic tests | 236 (92.6%) | 569 (78.8%) | 805 (82.4%) |
| Refrigerator | 220 (86.3%) | 408 (56.5%) | 628 (64.3%) |
| Screening blood for HIV, Hepatitis B/C | 46 (18.0%) | 0 | 46 (4.7%) |
| Ultrasound machine in working order | 54 (13.1%) | 16 (2.8%) | 70 (7.2%) |
| Guidelines | |||
| Guidelines for Basic Obstetric Newborn Care | 112 (44.0%) | 154 (21.3%) | 266 (27.3%) |
| Guidelines for Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric Newborn Care | 67 (26.3%) | 81 (11.2%) | 148 (15.2%) |
| Guidelines on Integrated management of Emergency and essential surgical care. |
33 (13.0%) | 26 (3.6%) | 59 (6.0%) |