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. 2020 Jul 10;8:604. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00604

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Copyright © 2020 Peeters, Dudink, Weijs, Fabritz, Chua, Kietselaer, Wildberger, Meex, Kirchhof, Crijns and Schurgers.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (corrected for age, sex, and presence of AF) for biomarkers with increased or decreased odds for having AVC in the total population, female and male populations. Significant markers are displayed in red. Left panel: Total population, middle panel: female population, right panel: male population. (B) Unadjusted boxplots of seven biomarkers found to be significantly different between patients (male/female) with and without AVC. Median and interquartile ranges are shown. GAL, galanin peptides; MCP1, Monocyte chemotactic protein 1; PAPPA, Pappalysin-1; TRANCE, TNF-related activation induced cytokine; FGF23, Fibroblast growth factor 23; ST2, ST2-protein; IL1RA, Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist receptor.