Table 2. Crude Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease Among Adults 20 Years or Older Between 1988 and 2016a.
| Characteristic | 1988-1994 (n = 14 255) | 1999-2000 (n = 3534) | 2001-2002 (n = 4371) | 2003-2004 (n = 4198) | 2005-2006 (n = 4250) | 2007-2008 (n = 5835) | 2009-2010 (n = 5123) | 2011-2012 (n = 4469) | 2013-2014 (n = 4896) | 2015-2016 (n = 4623) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall, % (95% CI) | 4.6 (4.0-5.1) | 5.9 (5.5-6.4) | 6.3 (5.8-6.8) | 6.6 (6.1-7.1) | 6.7 (6.2-7.2) | 6.7 (6.3-7.1) | 6.7 (6.3-7.1) | 6.7 (6.3-7.1) | 6.7 (6.1-7.3) | 6.7 (6.0-7.4) |
| Race/ethnicity, % (95% CI) | ||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 5.1 (4.4-5.8) | 6.8 (6.3-7.3) | 7.3 (6.7-7.8) | 7.7 (7.0-8.3) | 7.8 (7.3-8.4) | 7.9 (7.4-8.3) | 7.9 (7.4-8.4) | 7.9 (7.3-8.5) | 7.9 (7.2-8.9) | 7.9 (7.0-8.9) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 3.7 (3.2-4.2) | 4.8 (4.3-5.3) | 5.1 (4.4-5.7) | 5.3 (4.6-6.1) | 5.4 (4.7-6.1) | 5.5 (4.9-6.0) | 5.5 (5.0-6.0) | 5.5 (5.0-6.1) | 5.5 (4.8-6.2) | 5.5 (4.7-6.4) |
| Mexican American | 1.1 (0.7-1.4) | 1.4 (1.1-1.7) | 1.5 (1.1-1.9) | 1.6 (1.1-2.0) | 1.8 (1.3-2.2) | 2.0 (1.6-2.4) | 2.3 (1.8-2.8) | 2.6 (2.1-3.2) | 3.0 (2.2-3.8) | 3.5 (2.4-4.6) |
| Other | 2.9 (1.6-4.2) | 3.6 (2.5-4.6) | 3.7 (2.6-4.9) | 3.9 (2.6-5.2) | 3.9 (2.8-5.1) | 3.9 (3.1-4.8) | 3.9 (3.3-4.5) | 3.9 (3.3-4.4) | 3.8 (3.1-4.5) | 3.8 (2.9-4.7) |
| Educational level, % (95% CI) | ||||||||||
| <High school | 9.1 (8.0-10.2) | 10.4 (9.5-11.3) | 10.7 (9.6-11.8) | 10.9 (9.7-12.1) | 10.7 (9.6-11.7) | 10.3 (9.4-11.1) | 9.8 (8.9-10.7) | 9.4 (8.4-10.5) | 9.0 (7.7-10.3) | 8.6 (7.1-10.2) |
| High school | 3.7 (3.1-4.3) | 6.1 (5.5-6.6) | 6.8 (6.1-7.5) | 7.4 (6.6-8.3) | 7.8 (7.0-8.5) | 7.9 (7.2-8.5) | 7.9 (7.4-8.5) | 8.0 (7.4-8.6) | 8.1 (7.3-8.9) | 8.2 (7.1-9.2) |
| >High school | 2.6 (2.0-3.2) | 4.0 (3.5-4.5) | 4.4 (3.8-5.0) | 4.8 (4.1-5.4) | 5.0 (4.4-5.7) | 5.2 (4.7-5.7) | 5.4 (4.9-5.8) | 5.5 (5.0-6.1) | 5.7 (5.0-6.4) | 5.9 (4.9-6.8) |
| Income, % (95% CI) | ||||||||||
| Low income | 5.5 (4.4-6.6) | 5.5 (4.8-6.2) | 5.5 (4.7-6.3) | 5.5 (4.7-6.4) | 5.6 (4.8-6.3) | 5.7 (5.1-6.3) | 5.8 (5.2-6.5) | 5.9 (5.1-6.8) | 6.1 (4.9-7.2) | 6.2 (4.7-7.7) |
| Middle income | 5.1 (4.3-6.0) | 7.5 (6.9-8.0) | 8.1 (7.4-8.8) | 8.6 (7.8-9.4) | 8.6 (7.9-9.4) | 8.4 (7.8-9.0) | 8.2 (7.6-8.7) | 7.9 (7.3-8.5) | 7.7 (7.0-8.4) | 7.5 (6.6-8.3) |
| High income | 3.0 (2.1-3.8) | 3.8 (3.2-4.4) | 4.0 (3.4-4.7) | 4.3 (3.6-5.0) | 4.5 (3.9-5.2) | 4.8 (4.2-5.3) | 5.1 (4.5-5.6) | 5.3 (4.7-6.0) | 5.6 (4.7-6.5) | 6.0 (4.7-7.2) |
a
Chronic kidney disease defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2.