Table I.
Characteristics and surgical details of the control and ketamine groups.
| Parameter | Control (n=30) | Ketamine (n=30) | Mean difference (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 68.7±5.7 | 67.1±6.1 | -1.5 (-4.6 to 1.5) | 0.32 |
| Height (cm) | 165.9±6.0 | 166.4±6.3 | 0.5 (-2.6 to 3.7) | 0.74 |
| Weight (kg) | 66.0±9.1 | 69.0±10.5 | 3.0 (-2.1 to 8.1) | 0.24 |
| BMI | 23.9±2.7 | 24.8±2.9 | 0.9 (-0.5 to 2.4) | 0.20 |
| ASA | 2 [2, 2] | 2 [2, 2] | n.a. | 0.10 |
| Anesthesia time (min) | 224±44 | 235±37 | 11 (-10 to 32) | 0.30 |
| Surgical period (min) | 158±44 | 169±36 | 11 (-10 to 31) | 0.31 |
| Propofol (mg) | 1,055±296 | 1,285±407a | 230 (45 to 414) | 0.02 |
| Remifentanil (µg) | 2,183±717 | 2,808±890b | 626 (208 to 1044) | >0.001 |
| Ketamine (mg) | 0 | 137±25c | -137 (-146 to -129) | >0.001 |
| Fentanyl (µg) | 265±52 | 272±47 | 7 (19 to 32) | 0.61 |
| Acetaminophen (mg) | 805±165 | 846±184 | 41 (-49 to 131) | 0.37 |
| IVPCA (fentanyl) (µg) | 830±115 | 867±136 | 37 (-28 to 102) | 0.26 |
| Pain intensity (NRS) | 1 [0, 3] | 0 [0, 2.8] | n.a. | 0.05 |
aP<0.05,
bP<0.01 and
cP<0.001 (control vs. ketamine). Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation or median (minimal, maximum value). Mean difference, ketamine group-control group; CI, confidence interval; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification Scale; BMI, body mass index; IVPCA, intravenous patient-controlled analgesia; n.a., not analyzed; NRS, numerical rating scale.