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. 2019 Aug 20;36(17):2590–2607. doi: 10.1089/neu.2018.6314

FIG. 7.

FIG. 7.

Effect of stress and repeated mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI) on spine density and a number of synaptic markers at 3 months after the second repeated unpredictable stress (RUS). Representative dendritic segments of the hippocampal CA1 region (A). Quantification of spine density in the CA1 of the hippocampus (B). Stress, stress+r-mTBI and r-mTBI groups showed reduced spine density only in the hippocampal CA1 region when compared with the control group. Quantification of Western blot images for GluN2B (C), GluN2A (D), GluN1 (E), GluN2A/GluN2B ratio (F), CAMKIIα (G), PSD-95 (H), the ratio of p-AKT/AKT (I), and P-JNK/JNK (J) in the hippocampus at 3 months after the second RUS. GluN2A/GluN2B ratio and CAMKIIα levels were reduced in the hippocampus in all stress and/or r-mTBI groups relative to controls. Data in (B-J) were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance followed by two-stage linear step-up procedure of Benjamini, Krieger, and Yekutieli to correct for multiple comparisons (n = 4–6). Statistically significant discoveries versus the control group are denoted by “*”. Color image is available online.