Table 1:

Baseline Cytokine Levels (mean ± SEM) at 3 Months after the Second RUS

	Plasma (pg/mL)				Hippocampus (pg/mg protein)
	Control	r-mTBI	Stress	Stress+ r-mTBI	Control	r-mTBI	Stress	Stress+ r-mTBI
IFNγ	1.85 ± 0.30	1.58 ± 0.14	1.30 ± 0.12	1.24 ± 0.09	1.91 ± 0.9	1.18 ± 0.23	1.554 ± 0.77	2.75 ± 1.37
TNFα	8.74 ± 0.82	7.52 ± 0.59	8.28 ± 1.57	6.4 ± 0.76	0.049 ± 0.09	0.06 ± 0.09	0.052 ± 0.07	0.053 ± 0.056
IL-1β	0.101 ± 0.03	0.081 ± 0.01	0.079 ± 0.02	0.072 ± 0.01	24.68 ± 3.57	19.71 ± 4.05	18.64 ± 1.878	21.65 ± 3.12
IL-2*	0.505 ± 0.09	0.387 ± 0.05	0.272 ± 0.06	0.248 ± 0.05	43.73 ± 12.2	21.29 ± 10.61	25.15 ± 5.98	31.2 ± 4.9
IL-4	0.015 ± 0.008	0.026 ± 0.008	0.022 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.01	13.56 ± 1.93	15.95 ± 4.13	16.91 ± 1.8	12.92 ± 2.09
IL-5*	0.664 ± 0.04	0.473 ± 0.07	0.609 ± 0.08	0.507 ± 0.03	19.03 ± 2.27	19.39 ± 2.74	22.58 ± 1.02	20.47 ± 1.382
IL-6	14.65 ± 4.3	25.28 ± 7.9	11.42 ± 1.8	8.05 ± 1.3	1.585 ± 0.35	1.191 ± 0.14	1.423 ± 0.27	1.04 ± 0.047
IL-10	15.1 ± 2.2	11.08 ± 1.1	10.67 ± 0.65	10.8 ± 0.68	281.3 ± 32.05	346.8 ± 36.25	292.6 ± 27.08	294 ± 17.16
IL-12	2.9 ± 1.7	2.7 ± 2.0	7.6 ± 4.5	4.2 ± 1.9	057 ± 0.33	0.155 ± 0.155	0.09 ± 0.09	0.71 ± 0.29

Asterisks denote statistical significance (p < 0.05).

Significantly different cytokine values in the stress and/or r-mTBI groups relative to the control group are bold.

SEM, standard error of the mean; RUS, repeated unpredictable stress; r-mTBI, repetitive mild traumatic brain injury; IFN, interferon; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; IL, interleukin.