Table 1.
The health-related properties and mechanisms of polyphenols.
| References | Polyphenols | Model | Health-related properties | The mechanisms |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (22) | Dendrobium polyphenols | db/db Mice | Anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant |
Prevented weight gain; decreased the level of glucose and lipoprotein cholesterol; enhanced insulin level; ameliorated the progress of fatty liver and DN; decreased the concentration of MDA; improved the level of MDA, SOD, CAT, and GSH; reduced IL-6 and TNF-α; and enhanced the proportion of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes |
| (23) | Citrus-extract polyphenols | RAW264.7 cells | Anti-inflammatory | Reduced the level of TNF-α, NO, IL-6, and TNF-α; lowered the NFκB in protein expression level; and increased adiponectin concentration |
| (24) | Resveratrol | Sprague-Dawley CD rats | Prevents mammary cancer | Reduced the proliferation of cells in the structure of the terminal duct of the breast to reduce carcinogenic damage and increased the number of apoptotic cells in the terminal bud epithelial cells of the mammary gland compared with the control group |
| (25) | Seaweed-polyphenols | PC-CSCs | Prevents pancreatic cancer | Reduced stem-cell transcriptional machinery regulated completely SOX2, OCT3/4, Nanog, LIF, CD44, PIK3R1, N-Cadherin, and E-Cadherin reduced by FIR |
| (26) | Green tea polyphenols | F344 Rats | Inhibits colorectal tumorigenesis | Reduced tumor diversity and tumor size; suppressed the level of leukotriene B4, proinflammatory eicosanoids and prostaglandin E2 in plasma; decreased the nuclear expression of β-catenin; induced cell apoptosis; and increased the expression level of RXRα, β, and γ in adenocarcinoma |
| (27) | Polyphenol from foxtail millet bran | HCT-8/Fu cells | Prevents CRC | Suppressed cell proliferation to increase the sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs; facilitated cell apoptosis and promoted the accumulation of Rh-123 in HCT-8/Fu cells; and reduced protein expression, such as MRP1, BCRP, and P-gp |
| (28) | Resveratrol and curcumin | DLD-1 and Caco-2 | Prevents CRC | The regulating effect of the combination of resveratrol and curcumin on apoptosis genes, such as PMAIP1, bid, zmat3, CASP3, CASP7, and FAS in more than a single use |
| (1) | Plant-derived polyphenols | HT-29 CRC cells | Prevents CRC | Inhibited the growth of HT-29 CRC cells; reduced the expression of bcl-2 by suppressing the activation of NFκB |
| (29) | Tea polyphenols | SW480 cells and HT-29 | Prevents CRC | Suppressed the gene expression of JAG1, MAFA, HES1, MT2A, BAX, and p38 genes relative to the control |
DN, diabetic nephropathy; MDA, malondialdehyde; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; GSH, glutathione; PC-CSCs, pancreatic cancer—cancer stem cells; Rh-123, rhodamine-123; MRP1, multi-drug resistance protein 1; P-gp, P-glycoprotein; BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein; MAFA, transcription factor; HES1, hairy and enhancer of split 1; JAG1, jagged1.