Figure 9.

Insulin glargine. A: Amino acid structure of insulin glargine. B: Mechanism of protraction of insulin glargine: pH-induced precipitation at the SC space. C and D: Pharmacokinetics and PD profiles of insulin glargine U-100 compared to NPH insulin (each 0.3 U/kg) from a euglycemic clamp study in 20 subjects with type 1 diabetes. Data from Lepore M, Pampanelli S, Fanelli C, Porcellati F, Bartocci L, Di Vincenzo A, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneous injection of long-acting human insulin analog glargine, NPH insulin, and ultralente human insulin and continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin lispro. Diabetes. 2000;49(12):2142–2148.