TABLE 2.
Antibiotic resistant-, multidrug resistant-, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing-Escherichia coli according to the level of anthropization.
| Classes | Human activities | Animals sampled(N) |
E. coli |
|||||
| Antibiotic resistantN (%) | P-value | Multidrug resistantN (%) | P-value | ESBLaN (%) | P-value | |||
| Rodents | Absenceb-limitedc | 22 | 2 (9.1) | >0.5 | 1 (4.5) | >0.5 | 0 | – |
| Moderated-highe | 346 | 36 (10.4) | 24 (6.9) | 5 (1.4) | ||||
| Reptiles | Absence-limited | 213 | 4 (1.9) | 0.47 | 1 (0.5) | 0.06 | 0 | – |
| Moderate-high | 122 | 4 (3.3) | 4 (3.3) | 1 (0.8) | ||||
| Birds | Absence-limited | 181 | 2 (1.1) | – | 2 (1.1) | – | 1 (0.6) | – |
| Moderate-high | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| All | Absence-limited | 416 | 8 (1.9) | <0.001 | 4 (0.9) | <0.001 | 1 (0.2) | 0.12 |
| Moderate-high | 468 | 40 (8.5) | 28 (5.9) | 6 (1.3) | ||||
aESBL, extended spectrum beta-lactamase; bwilderness area with no human presence; ccountryside; dlandscapes with a matrix of agriculture; elivestock activities, urban and suburban area. Significant P-values are in bold.