Table 1.

Studies investigating the preictal and postictal phases of migraine.

Phase	Time window	Clinical studies (number of participants)*	Physiological studies (number of participants)	Functional imaging studies (number of participants)
Preictal phase	1 day before headache	Kelman (n = 897)a	Martins et al. (n = 22); Judit et al. (n = 14); Sand et al. (n = 11).	Schulte and May (n = 1)c
	Up to 2 days before headache		McKendrick et al. (n = 18)	Stankewitz et al. (n = 10); Luedtke et al. (n = 8)e
	Up to 3 days before headache	Giffin et al. (n = 97)b	Cao et al. (n = 40)
	>3 days before headache		Schwedt et al. (n = 112)
Postictal phase	Within 1 day after headache	Kelman (n = 827)a; Blau (n = 40)a; Giffin et al. (n = 97)b	McKendrick et al. (n = 18)	Schulte and May (n = 1)c; Luedtke et al. (n = 8)e
	Within 2 days after headache		Martins et al. (n = 22)d
>2 days after headache

^*Several retrospective studies in the preictal phase are not listed due to small case numbers and high discrepancy.

^aRetrospective study.

^bProspective electronic diary.

^cLongitudinal study, the patient measured 30 days in a row.

^dPostictal phase was defined as up to 48 hours after the ictal phase, but the data within 24 hours and 24–48 hours were not analyzed separately.

^eLongitudinal study, subjects measured 20–32 days consecutively.