Table 1.
Sample characteristics and univariate analysis of variables related to symptoms of anxiety and depression
| Variables | n(%)/Median(IQR) | Anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 score) | P | Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score) | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 5(n = 560) | ≥5(n = 285) | < 5 | < 5(n = 597) | ≥5(n = 248) | |||
| Demographics | |||||||
| Gender | 0.042 | 0.012 | |||||
| Male | 445(52.66) | 309(55.18) | 136(47.72) | 331(55.44) | 114(45.97) | ||
| Female | 400(47.34) | 251(44.82) | 149(52.28) | 266(44.56) | 134(54.03) | ||
| Age(years) | 37.00(32.00–44.00) | 36.00(31.25–43.00) | 38.00(33.00–45.00) | 0.016 | 36.00(32.00–43.00) | 38.00(32.00–45.00) | 0.088 |
| Educational level | 0.877 | 0.785 | |||||
| Secondary school or below | 40(4.73) | 26(4.64) | 14(4.91) | 29(4.86) | 11(4.44) | ||
| High school | 63(7.46) | 43(7.68) | 20(7.02) | 41(6.87) | 22(8.87) | ||
| Junior college or bachelor | 650(76.92) | 427(76.25) | 223(78.25) | 462(77.39) | 188(75.81) | ||
| Master or above | 92(10.89) | 64(11.43) | 28(9.82) | 65(10.89) | 27(10.89) | ||
| Occupation | 0.340 | 0.007 | |||||
| HCWs | 397(46.98) | 259(46.25) | 138(48.42) | 279(46.73) | 118(47.58) | ||
| Private sector workers | 191(22.60) | 122(21.79) | 69(24.21) | 128(21.44) | 63(25.40) | ||
| Government employees or institutional employees | 102(12.07) | 74(13.21) | 28(9.82) | 84(14.07) | 18(7.26) | ||
| Students | 21(2.49) | 17(3.04) | 4(1.40) | 19(3.18) | 2(0.81) | ||
| Others | 134(15.86) | 88(15.71) | 46(16.14) | 87(14.57) | 47(18.95) | ||
| Nature of relationship with HCWs | 0.158 | 0.001 | |||||
| Spouses | 553(65.44) | 365(65.18) | 188(65.96) | 405(67.84) | 148(59.68) | ||
| Children | 40(4.73) | 29(5.18) | 11(3.86) | 34(5.70) | 6(2.42) | ||
| Parents | 49(5.80) | 26(4.64) | 23(8.07) | 26(4.36) | 23(9.27) | ||
| Other next of kin | 203(24.02) | 140(25.00 | 63(22.11) | 132(22.11) | 71(28.63) | ||
| The COVID-19-related events in the lives of participants | |||||||
| Whether there had been confirmed COVID-19 cases in families or friends | 0.264 | 0.879 | |||||
| Yes | 3(0.36) | 1(0.18) | 2(0.70) | 2(0.34) | 1(0.40) | ||
| No | 842(99.64) | 559(99.82) | 283(99.30) | 595(99.66) | 247(99.60) | ||
| Whether there had been suspected COVID-19 cases in families or friends | 0.186 | 0.501 | |||||
| Yes | 70(8.28) | 41(7.32) | 29(10.18) | 47(7.87) | 23(9.27) | ||
| No | 775(91.72) | 519(92.68) | 256(89.82) | 550(92.13) | 225(90.73) | ||
| Time to think about COVID-19 per day (hours) | 0.006 | 0.018 | |||||
| < 1 | 223(26.39) | 160(28.57) | 63(22.11) | 160(26.80) | 63(25.40) | ||
| 1–2 | 298(35.27) | 203(36.25) | 95(33.33) | 222(37.19) | 76(30.65) | ||
| 2–3 | 112(13.25) | 77(13.75) | 35(12.28) | 83(13.99) | 29(11.69) | ||
| > 3 | 212(25.09) | 120(21.43) | 92(32.28) | 132(22.11) | 80(32.26) | ||
| Knowledge of COVID-19 | 5.00(4.00–5.00) | 5.00(4.00–5.00) | 5.00(4.00–5.00) | 0.653 | 5.00(4.00–5.00) | 5.00(4.00–5.00) | 0.348 |
| The working status of family members (that is, HCWs) | |||||||
| The department of HCWs | 0.981 | 0.458 | |||||
| Front-line departments | 131(15.5) | 86(15.36) | 45(15.79) | 92(15.41) | 39(15.73) | ||
| Medical technology department | 69(8.17) | 46(8.21) | 23(8.07) | 50(8.38) | 19(7.66) | ||
| Nursing department | 287(33.96) | 192(34.29) | 95(33.33) | 213(35.68) | 74(29.84) | ||
| Logistics department | 43(5.09) | 30(5.36) | 13(4.56) | 28(4.69) | 15(6.05) | ||
| Other departments | 315(37.28) | 206(36.79) | 109(38.25) | 214(35.85) | 101(40.73) | ||
| Whether HCWs directly contact with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients | 0.019 | 0.781 | |||||
| Yes | 406(48.05) | 253(45.18) | 153(53.68) | 285(47.74) | 121(48.79) | ||
| No | 439(51.95) | 307(54.82) | 132(46.32) | 312(52.26) | 127(51.21) | ||
| The average working time per week worked by HCWs (hours) | 40.00(35.00–45.00) | 40.00(35.00–45.00) | 40.00(36.00–48.00) | 0.034 | 40.00(35.00–44.00) | 40.00(35.00–48.00) | 0.020 |
| Participants’ self-reported safety score for protective equipment of HCWs | 4.00(3.00–5.00) | 4.00(3.00–5.00) | 4.00(3.00–5.00) | 0.004 | 4.00(3.00–5.00) | 4.00(3.00–5.00) | 0.178 |
Numbers in bold indicate statistical significance at the 20% level
Abbreviations: n Number, IQR Interquartile range, GAD Generalized anxiety disorder, PHQ Patient Health Questionnaire, HCWs Health care workers, COVID-19 2019 Corona virus disease