Table 2.

Historic evolution of the quantitative representation of present-day global annual mean shortwave atmospheric absorption under clear-sky conditions in multi-model means of different generations of climate models covering 30 years of model development

Model Generation	# of models	Multi-model mean (Wm−2)	References
Pre-AMIP (late 1980s)	7	63	Wild et al. (1998)
AMIPII (1990s)	20	67	Wild et al. (2006)
CMIP3 (early 2000s)	14	69	Wild et al. (2006)
CMIP5 (late 2000s)	43	70	Wild et al. (2019)
CMIP6 (late 2010s)	36	73	This study
Recent reference estimates		73	Wild et al. (2019)
		73	Kato et al. (2018)
		72	Kim and Ramanathan (2008)

For comparison also recent reference estimates are added

Units Wm⁻²