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. 2020 Jul 16;10:11845. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68718-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Bifidobacterium species/groups and Lactobacillus casei group levels measured with qPCR in cultures with fecal infant microbiota supplemented with oligosaccharides (clear bars). (a) lacto-N-biose (LNB); (b) galacto-N-biose (GNB); (c) fucosyl-α-1,3-N-acetylglucosamine (3FN); (d) fucosyl-α-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (6FN). Control cultures are without carbohydrate added (dark bars). In all graphs, the data of the control is represented for better comparison. Data presented are mean values based on at least three replicates. Error bars indicate standard deviations. Statistically significant differences compared to control are indicated: ^#p < 0.1; *p < 0.05.