TABLE 2.

Regression results for the best models explaining variation in longevity among hibernators species.

			λML				λ = 0
			λML	β ± SE	t-value	p-value	β ± SE	t-value	p-value
Phylogenetic correction (PGLS)	Model 1: All hibernators (82 species)	Intercept z-Hibernation duration z-log (Body mass) bat arboreality	λML = 0.736 CI95 = [NA-0.924]	0.986 ± 0.111	8.847	< 0.001***	0.834 ± 0.032	25.778	< 0.001***
				0.051 ± 0.020	2.484	0.015*	0.028 ± 0.020	1.343	0.183
				0.163 ± 0.043	3.800	< 0.001***	0.216 ± 0.026	8.409	< 0.001***
				0.531 ± 0.170	3.131	0.002**	0.656 ± 0.060	10.903	< 0.001***
				0.163 ± 0.075	2.175	(0.033*	0.182 ± 0.054	3.387	0.001**
	Model 2: Hibernators without bats (55 species)	Intercept z-Hibernation duration z-log (Body mass) arboreality	λML = 0.849 CI95 = [0.238−0.969]	0.970 ± 0.112	8.682	< 0.001***	0.841 ± 0.031	27.439	< 0.001***
				0.058 ± 0.022	2.645	0.011*	0.004 ± 0.022	0.200	0.842
				0.171 ± 0.038	4.442	< 0.001***	0.217 ± 0.024	8.920	< 0.001***
				0.191 ± 0.070	2.738	0.008**	0.173 ± 0.051	3.409	0.001**
	Model 3: Deep hibernators without bats (46 species)	Intercept z-Hibernation duration z-log (Body mass)	λML = 0.850 CI95 = [0.480-0.960]	1.025 ± 0.107	9.611	< 0.001***	0.876 ± 0.026	33.483	< 0.001***
				0.051 ± 0.022	2.279	0.028*	0.008 ± 0.023	0.342	0.734
				0.100 ± 0.054	1.833	0.074.	0.173 ± 0.034	5.120	< 0.001***
	Model 4: Small hibernators (<1.5 kg) without bats (44 species)	Intercept z-Hibernation duration z-log (Body mass) arboreality	λML = 0.740 CI95 = [0.293−0.924]	0.867 ± 0.084	10.240	< 0.001***	0.820 ± 0.029	28.543	< 0.001***
				0.061 ± 0.020	2.994	0.005**	0.024 ± 0.021	1.148	0.258
				0.014 ± 0.053	0.264	0.793	0.121 ± 0.042	2.864	0.007**
				0.204 ± 0.069	2.937	0.005**	0.191 ± 0.048	4.002	< 0.001***
No phylogenetic correction (linear model)	Model 5: Bats only (27 species)	Intercept z-Hibernation duration	Not estimated	1.453 ± 0.168	8.619	< 0.001*	Not estimated
				0.101 ± 0.045	2.215	0.036*
				0.141 ± 0.179	0.785	0.440
		z-log (Body mass)

Z-standardized model estimates (ß) for the effects of hibernation season duration and body mass on species maximum longevity. The phylogenetic effect is estimated by λ_ML. Both body mass and longevity were log-transformed before the analyses. For comparison, we have provided estimates for λ constrained to zero (no effect of phylogeny). The model for bats was a simple linear model not controlling for phylogeny, due to limited sample size in this group. In the model with all hibernators, the NA value in the confidence interval for λ_ML indicates that the caper package could not calculate the full confidence interval. An NA value is considered as 0. Significant results are represented as *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.