Table 2.

Promising intervention components to prevent, delay, or mitigate functional impairment in middle-aged adults

Intervention components	Exemplar intervention for older adults and impact	Target population
Structured exercise programs including aerobic training, resistance training, and flexibility training	Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study Randomized Clinical Trial; reduced risk of major mobility disability in at-risk older adults	May benefit middle-aged individuals whose main risk factor for functional impairment is reduced strength and physical performance, including post-menopausal women
Multi-component interventions addressing deficits related to physical capability and to environmental demand and adaptation	Community Aging in Place – Advancing Better Living for Elders (CAPABLE) study; reduced ADL disability scores in at-risk group	May benefit middle-aged individuals with multiple risk factors for functional impairment, including reduced physical performance and social and environmental risks