REAGENT or RESOURCE	SOURCE	IDENTIFIER
Antibodies
X593	Laboratory of X. Sunney Xie	N/A
CA1	Laboratory of Jinghua Yan; Shi et al., 2020	N/A
CB6	Laboratory of Jinghua Yan; Shi et al., 2020	N/A
H014	Laboratory of Dr. Liangzhi Xie	N/A
H00S022	Laboratory of Dr. Liangzhi Xie	N/A
P2C-1F11	Laboratory of Linqi Zhang; Ju et al., 2020	N/A
P2B-2F6	Laboratory of Linqi Zhang; Ju et al., 2020	N/A
AB35	Laboratory of Linqi Zhang	N/A
261-262	Laboratory of Linqi Zhang	N/A
157	Laboratory of Linqi Zhang	N/A
247	Laboratory of Linqi Zhang	N/A
H4	Laboratory of Fu Gao; Wu et al., 2020	N/A
B38	Laboratory of Fu Gao; Wu et al., 2020	N/A
Bacterial and Virus Strains
DH5α Chemically Competent Cell	Invitrogen	Cat#12034013
G∗ΔG-VSV	Kerafast	Cat#EH1020-PM
Biological Samples
Convalescent patient serum, CS1	This paper	N/A
Convalescent patient serum, CS2	This paper	N/A
Convalescent patient serum, CS3	This paper	N/A
Convalescent patient serum, CS4	This paper	N/A
Convalescent patient serum, CS6	This paper	N/A
Convalescent patient serum, CS7	This paper	N/A
Convalescent patient serum, CS8	This paper	N/A
Convalescent patient serum, CS10	This paper	N/A
Convalescent patient serum, CS86	This paper	N/A
Convalescent patient serum, CS87	This paper	N/A
Critical Commercial Assays
Britelite plus reporter gene assay system	PerkinElmer	Cat#6066769
Experimental Models: Cell Lines
293T	ATCC	Cat#CRL-3216; RRID: CVCL_0063
293T-hACE2	Sino Biological Company	N/A
A549	ATCC	Cat#CCL-185; RRID: CVCL_0023
BHK21	ATCC	Cat#CCL-10; RRID: CVCL_1915
Cf2TH	ATCC	Cat#CRL-1430; RRID: CVCL_3363
CHO	ATCC	Cat#CCL-61; RRID: CVCL_0214
CRFK	ATCC	Cat#CCL-94; RRID: CVCL_2426
DC2.4	Millipore	Cat#SCC142; RRID: CVCL_J409
HeLa	ATCC	Cat#CCL-2; RRID: CVCL_0030
HepG2	ATCC	Cat#HB-8065; RRID: CVCL_0027
Huh-7	JCRB	Cat#0403; RRID: CVCL_0336
JASWII	ATCC	Cat#CRL-11904; RRID: CVCL_3727_
K562	ATCC	Cat#CCL-243; RRID: CVCL_0004
LLC-MK2	ATCC	Cat#CCL-7; RRID: CVCL_3009
MDBK	ATCC	Cat#CCL-22;; RRID: CVCL_0421
MDCK	ATCC	Cat#CCL-34; RRID: CVCL_0422
MdKi	Laboratory of Dr. Zhengli Shi; Yang et al., 2019	N/A
MRC-5	ATCC	Cat#CCL-171; RRID: CVCL_0440
Mv 1 Lu	ATCC	Cat#CCL-64; RRID: CVCL_0593
PK15	ATCC	Cat#CCL-33; RRID: CVCL_2160
RAW264.7	ATCC	Cat#TIB-71; RRID: CVCL_0493
RlKiT	Laboratory of Dr. Zhengli Shi; Yang et al., 2019	N/A
SK-N-MC	ATCC	Cat#HTB-10; RRID: CVCL_0530
ST	ATCC	Cat#CRL-1746; RRID: CVCL_2204
Vero	ATCC	Cat#CCL-81; RRID: CVCL_0059
VeroE6	ATCC	Cat#CRL-1586; RRID: CVCL_0574
Oligonucleotides
VSV (P protein)-F:TCTCGTCTGGATCAGGCGG	GENEWIZ	N/A
VSV (P protein)-R: TGCTCTTCCACTCCA TCCTCTTGG	GENEWIZ	N/A
Primers design for mutagenesis were located in Table S2	N/A	N/A
Recombinant DNA
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2 (codon-optimized S gene of SARS-CoV-2, GenBank: MN_908947)	Nie et al., 2020	Addgene ID: 149457
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-L5F	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-L8V	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-L8W	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-H49Y	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-Y145del	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-Q239K	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-F338L	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-V341I	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-A348T	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N354D	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N354K	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-S359N	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D364Y	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-V367F	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-K378R	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-P384L	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-385-387del	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D405V	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-R408I	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-Q409E	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-Q414E	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-Q414P	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-I434K	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-A435S	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-S438F	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N439K	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-G446V	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-L452R	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-K458R	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-K458N	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D467V	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-I468F	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-I468T	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-I472V	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-A475V	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-G476S	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-T478I	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-V483A	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-V483I	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-F490L	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-P491R	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-V503F	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-Y508H	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-R509K	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-V510L	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-H519Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-H519P	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-A520S	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-P521S	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-A522S	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-A522V	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D614G	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-V615L	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-A831V	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D839E	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D839Y	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D936Y	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-S943T	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-S943R	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-G1124V	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-P1263L	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-Y145del+R408I	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D614G+L5F	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D614G+Q239K	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D614G+Q321L	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D614G+V341I	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D614G+A435S	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D614G+K458R	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D614G+I472V	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D614G+H519P	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D614G+Q675H	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D614G+A831V	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D614G+A845S	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D614G+A879S	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D614G+D936Y	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D614G+S939F	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D614G+S943T	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D614G+M1229I	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D614G+M1237I	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-D614G+P1263L	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N17Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N61Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N74Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N122Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N149Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N165Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N234Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N282Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N331Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N343Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N603Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N616Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N657Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N709Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N717Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N801Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N1074Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N1098Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N1134Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N1158Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N1173Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N1194Q	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N74K	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N149H	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-T719A	This paper	N/A
Plasmid:pcDNA3.1.S2-N331Q+N343Q	This paper	N/A
Software and Algorithms
GraphPad Prism version 8.0.1(244)	GraphPad Software	https://www.graphpad.com
Microsoft Office Home and Student 2019	Microsoft Corporation	https://www.microsoft.com/microsoft-365
Heatmap Illustrator (HemI) version 1.0.3.7	Deng et al., 2014	http://ccd.biocuckoo.org
BioEdit version 7.2	BioEidt Software	https://bioedit.software.informer.com
Adobe Illustrator CC 2018	Adobe	https://www.adobe.com