TABLE 1. Demographic characteristics and use of nicotine-containing e-cigarette, or vaping, products among patients with e-cigarette, or vaping, product use–associated lung injury (EVALI), by tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-containing product use — Illinois, July–December 2019.
| Characteristic | No. (%) |
p-value¶ | No. (%) |
p-value¶ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reported THC-containing product use* (reference) | Reported no THC-containing product use† | No indication of any THC use§ | |||
|
Total (N = 121)**
|
104 (86)
|
17 (14)
|
—
|
9 (7)
|
— |
|
Case status
| |||||
| Confirmed |
46/104 (44) |
2/17 (12) |
0.01 |
0/9 (0) |
0.01 |
| Probable |
58/104 (56) |
15/17 (88) |
9/9 (100) |
||
|
Gender
| |||||
| Female |
26/104 (25) |
7/17 (41) |
0.2 |
7/9 (78) |
0.003 |
|
Age group (yrs)
| |||||
| 13–24 |
65/104 (63) |
7/17 (41) |
0.007 |
2/9 (22) |
<0.001 |
| 25–44 |
37/104 (36) |
7/17 (41) |
4/9 (44) |
||
| 45–74 |
2/104 (2) |
3/17 (18) |
3/9 (33) |
||
|
Race/Ethnicity
| |||||
| White, non-Hispanic |
61/93 (66) |
11/16 (69) |
0.3 |
4/9 (44) |
0.06 |
| Black, non-Hispanic |
6/93 (6) |
3/16 (19) |
3/9 (33) |
||
| Other, non-Hispanic |
9/93 (10) |
1/16 (6) |
1/9 (11) |
||
| Hispanic |
17/93 (18) |
1/16 (6) |
1/9 (11) |
||
|
Nicotine-containing e-cigarette, or vaping, products
| |||||
| Used nicotine product >5 times per day |
35/48†† (73) |
8/15 (53) |
0.2 |
4/8 (50) |
0.2 |
| Used more than one nicotine product |
13/55 (24) |
3/17 (18) |
0.7 |
2/9 (22) |
1.0 |
|
Source of nicotine product (s)§§
| |||||
| Vape or tobacco shop |
22/47 (47) |
10/14 (71) |
0.1 |
7/9 (78) |
0.1 |
| Convenience store |
14/47 (30) |
5/14 (36) |
0.7 |
2/9 (22) |
1.0 |
| Online |
4/47 (9) |
1/14 (7) |
1.0 |
1/9 (11) |
1.0 |
| Informal source¶¶ | 11/47 (23) | 0/14 (0) | 0.06 | 0/9 (0) | 0.2 |
* Patients who reported using THC-containing e-cigarette, or vaping, products on initial structured questionnaire or follow-up interview.
† Patients who reported not using THC-containing e-cigarette, or vaping, products on initial structured questionnaire and follow-up interview.
§ Subgroup of patients who reported not using THC-containing products who also had no indication of use of any other THC-containing substance (e.g., reported not smoking combustible marijuana, had negative toxicology testing, if performed).
¶ P-values for comparisons, using Pearson’s chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test (for cells with <5 observations). Statistical tests compared EVALI patients who reported THC-containing product use with EVALI patients who reported no THC-containing product use and with EVALI patients with no indication of any THC use.
** Data were not available for all variables for all patients. Differing denominators reflect missing data.
†† Only patients who used nicotine-containing e-cigarette, or vaping, products and reported a frequency of use are included in the denominator.
§§ Six patients reported purchasing nicotine-containing e-cigarette, or vaping, products from more than one source: vape/tobacco shop and convenience store (three) and vape/tobacco shop and online (three).
¶¶ Informal sources of nicotine-containing products include friends, family members, or from in-person or online dealers.