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. 2020 Jul 9;17:E60. doi: 10.5888/pcd17.200245

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Preventing Chronic Disease is a publication of the U.S. Government. This publication is in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from this work may be reprinted freely. Use of these materials should be properly cited.

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The components of the PEN-3 model are presented in 3 sections, which list the 3 domains of each component. For the cultural empowerment domain, the 3 components are positive, existential, and negative; for the relationship and expectation domain, the components are perception, enablers, and nurturers; and for the cultural identity domain, the components are people, extended family, and neighborhood. — The PEN-3 Model. The model has 3 primary components: cultural identity, cultural empowerment, and relationships and expectations, and each of the 3 components has 3 domains.