TABLE. Environmental sampling and culture results from a health care facility and a personal residence during investigation of a fatal case of Legionnaires’ disease — Wisconsin, 2018.

Sampling site	Days after patient’s hospital admission	Sample type*	Aerator/ Showerhead removed†	Affiliation of laboratory	Legionella pneumophila culture result	CFU ml
Health care facility
Outpatient clinic
Exam room faucet	17	Bulk (550 ml), initial	No	Hospital	Neg	—
Warm water pool	17	Bulk (550 ml)	N/A	Hospital	Neg	—
Emergency department
Exam room faucet	17	Bulk (550 ml), initial	No	Hospital	Neg	—
Ice machine	17	Bulk (550 ml)	N/A	Hospital	Neg	—
Inpatient
Patient room sink faucet	17	Bulk (550 ml), initial	No	Hospital	Neg	—
		Bulk (550 ml), 2 min	No	Hospital	Neg	—
	40	Bulk (550 ml), warm	No	Hospital	Neg	—
				WSLH	Neg	—
		Swab	Yes	Hospital	Neg	—
				WSLH	Neg	—
Patient room shower	17	Bulk (550 ml), initial	No	Hospital	Neg	—
		Bulk (550 ml), 2 min	No	Hospital	Neg	—
	40	Bulk (550 ml), warm	No	Hospital	Neg	—
				WSLH	Neg	—
		Swab	Yes	Hospital	Neg	—
				WSLH	Neg	—
Kitchen sink	17	Bulk (550 ml), initial	No	Hospital	Neg	—
Ice machine	17	Bulk (550 ml)	N/A	Hospital	Neg	—
Intensive care unit
Patient room sink	17	Bulk (550 ml), initial	No	Hospital	Neg	—
	40	Bulk (550 ml), warm	No	Hospital	Neg	—
				WSLH	Neg	—
		Swab	Yes	Hospital	Neg	—
				WSLH	Neg	—
Patient home samples
Bathroom 1
Shower	26	Bulk, 550 ml, warm	No	Hospital	Pos	2.54
	62	Bulk (250 ml), warm	Yes	WSLH	Neg	—
		Swab	Yes	WSLH	Neg	—
Bathroom 2
Shower	26	Bulk, 550 ml, warm	No	Hospital	Pos	0.36
	62	Bulk (250 ml), warm	Yes	WSLH	Neg	—
		Swab	Yes	WSLH	Neg	—
Shower wand	62	Bulk (250 ml), warm	No	WSLH	Neg	—
Sink	62	Bulk (250 ml), warm	No	WSLH	Pos	0.05
Kitchen
Sink #1 sprayer	62	Bulk (250 ml), warm	No	WSLH	Pos	0.11
Sink #2 sprayer	62	Bulk (250 ml), warm	No	WSLH	Pos	0.26
Entire home
Water heater	62	Bulk (250 ml)	N/A	WSLH	Neg	—
Humidifier	62	Swab	N/A	WSLH	Neg	—

Abbreviations: CFU = colony forming units; N/A = not applicable; Neg = no Legionella pneumophila isolated; Pos = Legionella isolated; WSLH = Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

* Bulk samples were either drawn immediately when the faucet was turned on, after 2 minutes of hot water flow, or after running the water until warm.

^† Sinks have aerators, and showers have showerheads. Removal of the aerator or showerhead is required to obtain a swab sample. Procedural differences or inability to remove an aerator or showerhead for a fixture caused the variation.