TABLE 1.
Distribution of Selected Characteristics Across Categories of Sleep Quality in the Jackson Heart Sleep Study (n = 795)
| Characteristic | Full JHS Sleep Cohort | Good Sleep Quality (n = 329) | Average Sleep Quality (n = 340) | Poor Sleep Quality (n = 126) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 63.1 (10.7) | 63.5 (10.2) | 63.3 (11.4) | 61.3 (9.8) |
| Sex (female), n (%) | 527 (66.3) | 202 (61.4) | 232 (68.2) | 93 (73.8) |
| Education, n (%) | ||||
| Less than HS | 74 (9.5) | 28 (8.6) | 32 (9.7) | 14 (11.6) |
| HS or GED | 110 (14.2) | 36 (11.1) | 51 (15.4) | 23 (19.0) |
| Some college/traininga | 175 (22.5) | 70 (21.6) | 71 (21.5) | 34 (28.1) |
| College degreeb | 417 (53.7) | 190 (58.6) | 177 (53.5) | 50 (41.3) |
| Income ($10,000), mean (SD) | 5.2 (3.3) | 5.6 (3.3) | 5.1 (3.3) | 4.5 (3.6) |
| Employed, n (%) | 379 (47.7) | 166 (50.5) | 158 (46.5) | 55 (43.7) |
| Anxiety scorec, mean (SD) | 30.7 (8.3) | 28.8 (7.7) | 30.9 (7.9) | 34.9 (9.5) |
| Depressive symptoms scored, mean (SD) | 8.6 (7.8) | 6.9 (6.9) | 8.7 (7.4) | 12.5 (9.6) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 65 (8.2) | 28 (8.6) | 22 (6.5) | 15 (11.9) |
| Consume alcohol, n (%) | 266 (33.8) | 100 (30.8) | 124 (36.9) | 42 (33.3) |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 32.0 (6.9) | 31.5 (6.5) | 32.4 (7.3) | 32.0 (7.0) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 673 (85.7) | 268 (83.2) | 291 (86.1) | 114 (91.2) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 205 (26.3) | 80 (25.2) | 94 (28.1) | 31 (24.6) |
| Sleep duration, mean (SD), h | 6.7 (1.1) | 6.7 (1.2) | 6.7 (1.1) | 6.5 (1.2) |
| Short sleep (sleep duration <7 h), n (%) | 494 (62.1) | 200 (60.8) | 211 (62.1) | 83 (65.9) |
| Sleep efficiency, mean (SD), % | 86.9 (4.9) | 87.4 (4.5) | 87.0 (4.9) | 85.5 (5.3) |
| Sleep latency, mean (SD), min | 6.2 (1.4) | 6.2 (1.4) | 6.1 (1.4) | 6.2 (1.6) |
| Insomnia diagnosis, n (%) | 20 (2.5) | 3 (0.9) | 10 (2.9) | 7 (5.6) |
| RLS diagnosis, n (%) | 8 (1.0) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (0.9) | 4 (3.2) |
| Sleep apnea diagnosis, n (%) | 18 (2.3) | 3 (0.9) | 8 (2.4) | 7 (5.6) |
| Insomnia symptomse, n (%) | 116 (14.6) | 12 (3.6) | 43 (12.6) | 61 (48.4) |
| RLS symptoms, n (%) | 200 (25.2) | 64 (19.5) | 81 (23.8) | 55 (43.7) |
| Daytime sleepiness, mean (SD) | 7.1 (4.3) | 6.9 (4.5) | 6.9 (3.9) | 8.0 (4.7) |
| REI ≥ 15, n (%) | 295 (37.1) | 112 (34.0) | 126 (37.1) | 57 (45.2) |
| REI, mean (SD), events/h | 15.8 (15.9) | 14.7 (14.3) | 16.4 (117.3) | 17.2 (16.0) |
JHS = Jackson Heart Study; HS = high school; GED = General Equivalency Diploma; BMI = body mass index; RLS = restless legs syndrome; REI = respiratory event index; CESD-20 = 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression; WHIIRS = Women’s Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale.
Some vocational or trade school, vocational or trade certificate.
Associates, bachelor’s, graduate, or professional schools.
Anxiety score was the total score of 20-item Trait-Anxiety Inventory, ranging from 0 to 80.
Depressive symptom score was the total score of CESD-20 scale while excluding restless sleep item, with a range from 0 to 57.
Modified WHIIRS.