Table 2.

Summary of NAFLD HCC polymorphisms

SNP	Clinical significance	Location (human chromosome)	Associated gene	Role of the gene	Ref.
rs738409 C>G	Associated with increased liver fat accumulation and a higher risk for developing liver cirrhosis. Given the increased severity of necroinflammation in GG sequence carriers, these individuals may be at higher risk for developing HCC	chr22:43928847 (GRCh38.p12)	PNPLA3; Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3	ThePNPLA3 gene encodes the protein Adiponutrin, which is thought to help regulate the development of adipocytes as well as lipogenesis and lipolysis in the liver	Sookoian et al.[44] Shen et al.[139]
rs58542926 C>T	Associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes and NAFLD. The polymorphism results in a loss of function and individuals with the CT phenotype have a reduced hepatic capability to secrete LDLs and are at higher risk for developing liver inflammation and potentially HCC	chr19:19268740 (GRCh38.p12)	TM6SF2; Transmembrane 6 Superfamily Member 2	The TM6SF2 gene is involved in regulating liver fat metabolism, lipoprotein secretion and hepatic lipid droplet content	Kozlitina et al.[46] Falleti et al.[47] Vespasiani-Gentilucci et al.[140]
rs641738 C>T	Associated with an increased risk of hepatic fat accumulation, fibrosis, and potentially HCC	chr19:54173068 (GRCh38.p12)	MBOAT7; Membrane Bound O-Acyltransferase Domain Containing?	The MBOAT7 gene encodes a protein known as Lysophospholipid acyltransferase 7 that is involved in the re-acylation of phospholipids as part of the phospholipid remodeling pathway	Mancina et al.[48] Luukkonen et al.[49] Donati et al.[50]

NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; LDLs: low density lipoproteins