Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the population
| Characteristics | All patients | DN | NDRD plus DN | NDRD | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, n (%) | 832 (100) | 329 (39.5) | 90 (10.8) | 413 (49.6) | – |
| Age, years | 61.7 ± 12.8 | 59 ± 12.8 | 62.3 ± 12.1 | 63.7 ± 12.6 | <0.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 621 (74.6) | 245 (74.5) | 72 (80) | 304 (73.6) | 0.449 |
| Type 1 DM, n (%) | 59 (7.1) | 37 (11.2) | 8 (8.9) | 14 (3.4) | <0.001 |
| HTA, n (%) | 722 (87) | 293 (89.6) | 77 (85.6) | 352 (86) | 0.275 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 144 ± 25 | 150 ± 26 | 150 ± 25 | 138 ± 23 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 77 ± 12 | 79 ± 13 | 77 ± 12 | 75 ± 12 | 0.015 |
| Race, n (%) | |||||
| Caucasian | 646 (77.6) | 234 (94) | 71 (94.7) | 341 (94.2) | |
| Black | 4 (0.5) | 2 (0.8) | 0 | 2 (2.7) | 0.069 |
| Asiatic | 7 (0.8) | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 6 (1.7) | |
| Unknown | 29 (3.5) | 12 (4.8) | 2 (2.7) | 15 (4.1) | |
| Duration of DM, years | 10.8 ± 8.6 | 12.2 ± 8.4 | 12.1 ± 9.3 | 9.4 ± 8.5 | <0.001 |
| DR, n (%) | 221 (26.6) | 145 (44.1) | 30 (33.3) | 46 (11.1) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 2.8 ± 2.2 | 2.6 ± 1.7 | 3.5 ± 3.1 | 2.9 ± 2.3 | 0.003 |
| eGFR (MDRD-4) | 38.2 ± 27.5 | 40.2 ± 26 | 32.7 ± 27.7 | 37.9 ± 28.3 | 0.133 |
| Proteinuria, g/24 h | 2.7 (1.2–5.4) | 3.2 (3.9–4.9) | 2.5 (2.8–4.7) | 2.4 (3.4–4.3) | 0.254 |
| Microhaematuria, n (%) | 288 (34.6) | 93 (33.7) | 38 (45.2) | 157 (47.9) | 0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL | 138.5 ± 64 | 143.2 ± 66.8 | 140.4 ± 65.3 | 134.3 ± 60.5 | 0.179 |
Statistical analysis: analysis of variance. MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease. Data are presented as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range, 25–75) unless otherwise indicated. Bold values: P <0.05. DM, diabetes mellitus; HTA, hypertension; BP, blood pressure; DR, diabetic retinopathy, eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
Note: Bold values are with statistical significance.