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. 2020 May 22;48(13):e74. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaa426

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© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 3. — Innovative block representations introduced in DSSR to simplify the visualization of G-quadruplexes. (A) The anti guanine (lower-left) leads to a counter-clockwise orientation of H-bonding interactions (dashed lines in magenta) from the WC edge to the major-groove (Hoogsteen) edge. (B) The syn guanine (colored teal) reverses the direction of the H-bonds to clockwise, and it also creates a wide groove and a narrow groove. (C) A parallel G-quadruplex (G4) illustrated with square blocks for G-tetrads, highlighting a six-layered G4-helix composed of two three-layered G4-stems via coaxial stacking interactions. The two bulged cytosines are marked. (D) Another G4 with a (1+3) hybrid conformation, emphasizing the duplex-quadruplex transition and the three guanines in syn conformation.