Table 1.

Previous reports on association between BMD and mortality in ESRD patients

References	Location	No. of patients	Sex	Age (years) (mean/ median)	Dialysis modality	Design	Follow-up (years)	BMD sites	Measurement method	Outcomes	Factors controlled for in multivariate analysis	Outcomes associated with
Taal et al. [18]	UK	88	F/M	51–70	HD	Prospective observational	3.5	Spine, hip	Central-DXA	All-cause mortality	Age, Ca × P and previous allograft	Hip
Matsubara et al. [7]	Sweden	277	F/M	55	HD/PD	Prospective observational	5	Total	Whole-DXA	All-cause and CVD mortality	Age, sex, DM, CVD, hsCRP, phosphate, Ca × P and SGA	Total
Park et al. [6]	Sweden	361	F/M	53	HD/PD	Prospective observational	5	Total	Whole-DXA	All-cause mortality	Age, fat body mass and SGA	Total
Disthabanchong et al. [20]	Thailand	83	F/M	57	HD	Prospective observational	5	Spine, hip	Central-DXA	All-cause mortality	Age, Davies score, dyslipidaemia, albumin and CAC score	Hip
Chen et al. [66]	Sweden	231	F/M	56	HD/PD	Prospective observational	5	Spine	Whole-DXA/CT	All-cause mortality	Age, sex, diabetes, CVD, hsCRP and SGA	Spine (VBD by CT)
Yap et al. [67]	Australia	58	F/M	58–65	HD/PD	Prospective observational	6	Spine/FN	Central-DXA/pQCT	All-cause mortality	Age, sex, transplant status, albumin, PTH, phosphate, dialysis duration, diabetes and smoking	FN
Orlic et al. [19]	Croatia	134	F/M	59	HD	Prospective observational	4	Spine, hip, forearm	Central-DXA	All-cause mortality	Age and sexa (used as a Z-score)	Forearm
Iseri et al. [17]	Sweden	426	F/M	56	HD/PD	Prospective observational	5	Total, head, arms, legs, trunk, hip, pelvis, spine	Whole-DXA	All-cause and CVD mortality	Framingham CVD risk score, SGA, %HGS, albumin, hsCRP, LBMI, recruitment year	Total, head, pelvis (and leg)

DM, diabetes mellitus; FN, femoral neck; %HGS, percent handgrip strength; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LBMI, lean body mass index; SGA, subjective global assessment. ^aOutcomes significantly associated with.