Table 1.

Number of gene gain (+) and loss (−) (in parenthesis) and functional annotation for all rapidly-evolving gene families. In bold, rapid/expansions in independently-evolved hematophagous lineages

OrthoDB ID	Lineage (gene change)	Functional annotation
EOG090W0E1I	Aedes aegypti(+ 8), Culicidae (+ 2),Cimex lecturianus(+ 2), Culex quinquefasciatus (− 7)	Metal ion binding
EOG090W022L	Culicinae (+ 4),Culex quinquefasciatus(+ 3),Phlebotomus papatasi(+ 4), Culicidae (+ 4), Lutzomyia longipalpis (− 12)	Carboxylic ester hydrolase activity
EOG090W0LR7	Aedes aegypti(− 3),Lutzomyia longipalpis(− 4), Homoladisca vitripennis (+ 3), Lucilia cuprina (+ 3), Culex quinquefasciatus (+ 2), Zootermopsis nevadensis (+ 2)	–
EOG090W0JL7	Anopheles gambiae(− 12), Psychodidae (− 8), Musca domestica (+ 6), Aedes aegypti (+ 11), Culicinae (+ 7), Culicidae (+ 4), Heliconius melpomene (+ 3)	Chemosensory protein