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. 2020 Jul 16;10:11739. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68658-z

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2020

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A schematic showing the various steps involved in the development of the CGS. (A) Regions A and B containing rhPDGF-BB and rh-IGF-I at the core–shell, respectively, and region C containing gelatin-mTG-rhBMP-2 hydrogel within the pore spaces. (B) Each region is populated with the relevant cell type and cultured separately in the optimal heterogeneous growth medium for 2 days to allow cells to completely adhere to their respective regions. (C) Two days post-initial culture, regions are harvested and assessed for CGS development in which region B is wrapped around region C and both regions B and C are wrapped by region A, followed by suturing the regions. (D) Post-CGS development, the CGS is further cultured for 3 and 7 days. At 3 and 7 days, CGS is harvested, regions are separated and assayed for cell viability, proliferation, migration, and phenotypic maintenance.