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. 2020 Jul 16;10:11739. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68658-z

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2020

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Effects of growth factor presentation mode on the phenotypic characteristics of SFs, STFs, and OBs during the heterogeneous culture. (A) Immunofluorescent staining of regions A, B, and C for VIM, SCXA, and ALP, respectively in the CGS + GF and (B) CGS − GF groups at 3 and 7 days and (C) quantifications of VIM, SCXA and ALP expression from regions A, B and C in the CGS + GF and CGS − GF groups at 3 and 7 days (n = 3, and 4–6 random images/sample, ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001). (D) Immunofluorescent staining of regions A and B for ALP in the CGS + GF and (E) CGS − GF groups at 3 and 7 days and (F) quantifications of ALP expression from regions A and B in the CGS + GF and CGS − GF groups at 3 and 7 days (n = 3, and 4–6 random images/sample, ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001). (G) The cumulative release of the incorporated growth factors from the CGS − GF group during 7 days of culture (n = 5).