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. 2020 Jul 16;10:11850. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68259-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Robustness against individual outliers during the construction of an ancestry space. Top row, the first two ancestry components for (A) PCA, (B) MDS, (C) UPCA and (D) SUGIBS using the CEU and TSI populations from the HapMap 3 project. Bottom row, the first two ancestry components for (E) PCA, (F) MDS, (G) UPCA and (H) SUGIBS using the CEU and TSI populations from the HapMap 3 project, but with randomly selected single individuals from four different and additional populations (CHB, GIH, MEX and YRI) as “outliers”.