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. 2020 Jul 16;10:11850. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68259-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Normalized root-mean-square deviation (NRMSD) of the top eight axes of PCA, UPCA and SUGIBS. NRMSD measures the root-mean-square differences (RMSD), for the modified HGDP dataset only between the scores on ancestry axes generated using the original genotypes (error free) and the modified genotypes (with simulated errors, A) missing genotypes and (B) erroneous genotypes). The RMSD values were normalized by the range of the ancestry axes generated using the original genotypes, so that NRMSD of the three methods (PCA, UPCA and SUGIBS) are comparable.