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. 2020 Jul 16;10:11779. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68776-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Influence of a TEC base on fat flap growth (a) Diagram showing the description of TEC4 and TEC5. The two tissue-engineering chambers (TEC 4 and TEC 5) differ by their dome porosity but have an identical flat base; (b) Growth curves of fat flap in the presence of TEC4 (left panel) or TEC5 (right panel) with (red line) or without a base (black line). Alternatively, maximum growth rates are calculated. Volume is determined on MRI images by three independent examiners. Values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). * p < 0.05; (c) Representative longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data of TEC4 with a base at day 20 (left) and day 80 (right) after implantation; (d) Representative longitudinal MRI data (left) and 3D modeling of fat flap (right) under TEC4 without a base at day 60 after implantation. White arrows show host tissues that fill the chamber impeding growth of the fat flap.