Table 3.
Table summarizing the recommended antimicrobial treatment regimens to treat invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections
| Antibiotic class | Antibiotic agent | Treatment | Recommended dosage and duration | Guideline (country, year) | Recommendation based on | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observational/case studies | Other reviews/guidelines | Evidence in enteric fever | No reference to literature* | |||||
| Penicillins | Ampicillin, amoxicillin | First or second choice (if susceptible) |
Dose: Children: 90–200 mg/kg/day in 3 doses/day Adults: 10–12 g/day |
[89] | [91–93] | [96] | ||
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | First or second choice (if susceptible) |
Dose: Children: 40/8 mg/kg/day in 2 doses/day Adults: 1600/320 mg/day in 2 doses/day or 24/4.8–30/6 mg/kg/day in 3 doses/day |
US, 2019 [97] US, 2018 [98] |
[91, 99, 100] | [91, 92, 94, 95, 101] | [93, 96–98, 102] | |
| Chloramphenicol | Chloramphenicol | First or second choice (if susceptible) |
Dose: Children and adults: 50–100 mg/kg/day |
[75, 89, 100, 103] | [93, 100] | [92, 102] | ||
| Third-generation cephalosporins | [75, 90, 99, 103, 104] | [94, 95, 104] | [105] | |||||
| Ceftriaxone | First or second choice |
Dose: Children: 50–100 mg/kg/day in 1–2 doses/day Adults: or 75 mg/kg/day or 1–2 g/day in 1 dose/day |
US, 2018 [98] US, 2019 [97] US, 2018 [106] CA, 2019 [107] FR, 2017 [108] |
[89, 91, 100, 109, 110] | [91, 93, 100–102, 108–111] | [5, 92] | [6, 96–98, 106, 112] | |
| Cefotaxime | First or second choice |
Dose: Children: 100–200 mg/kg/day in 4 doses/day Adults: 1–6 g/day in 3–6 doses/day |
US, 2019 [97] | [83, 89, 91, 100, 110, 113] | [91, 93, 100, 101] [110] [111] | [97, 112] | ||
| Ceftazidime, cefoperazone, moxalactam, aztreonam | Second choice | [83] | [93, 114] | [92] | ||||
| Fluoroquinolones |
US, 2018 [106] FR, 2008 [115] |
[6, 90, 99, 100, 104, 116] | [94, 95, 102, 104] | [90] | [96, 105, 106, 117] | |||
| Ciprofloxacin | First or second choice |
Dose: Children: 20 mg/kg/day IV or 20–30 mg/kg/day PO in 2 doses/day Adults: 800 mg IV or 1000–1500 mg PO in 2 doses/day |
US, 2019 [97] US, 2018 [98] |
[5, 75, 89, 92, 109, 110] | [93, 98, 101, 108–110] | [115] | [97, 98, 118] | |
| Gatifloxacin | Second choice | Dose: 10 mg/kg/day | [5] | |||||
| Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin | Second choice |
Dose: Adults: levofloxacin: 750 mg/day PO/IV in 1 dose/day Adults: moxifloxacin: 400 mg/day PO/IV in 1 dose/day |
US, 2019 [97] US, 2018 [98] |
[101] | [98] | |||
| Pefloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, trovafloxacin | Second choice | [110] | [93] | |||||
| Macrolides | Azithromycin | Second choice |
Dose: Children: 10–20 mg/kg/day PO |
CA, 2019 [107] US, 2018 [106] US, 2018 [98] |
[91] | [91, 102, 107] | [5] | [6, 98, 106] |
| Carbapenems | Imipenem, ertapenem, meropenem | Second choice | [110] | [5] | [91, 102] | |||
| Tigecycline | Tigecycline | Second choice | [5] | [91] | ||||
PO per os, IV intravenous, US United States, CA Canada, FR France
*Or only reference to conference proceedings, studies on Salmonella enteritis or in vitro/in vivo experimental studies