Table 1.
Patient Characteristics
| Characteristics | All Patient | Training Cohort | Validation Cohort | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 44,880) | (N = 31,415) | (N = 13,465) | ||||
| Number | % | Number | % | Number. | % | |
| Diagnostic Age, years | ||||||
| Mean | 66.7 | 66.7 | 66.8 | |||
| Median | 67 | 67 | 67 | |||
| Range | 18–101 | 18–101 | 18–96 | |||
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 22,737 | 50.7 | 15,884 | 50.6 | 6853 | 50.9 |
| Male | 22,143 | 49.3 | 15,531 | 49.4 | 6612 | 49.1 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 37,487 | 83.5 | 26,316 | 83.8 | 11,171 | 83 |
| Asian | 3159 | 7 | 2160 | 6.9 | 999 | 7.4 |
| Black | 3939 | 8.8 | 2742 | 8.7 | 1197 | 8.9 |
| Others/Unknown | 295 | 0.7 | 197 | 0.6 | 98 | 0.7 |
| Primary tumor location | ||||||
| Left-sided | 18,752 | 41.8 | 13,103 | 41.7 | 5649 | 42 |
| Right-sided | 26,128 | 58.2 | 18,312 | 58.3 | 7816 | 58 |
| Anatomic sites | ||||||
| Upper | 26,831 | 59.8 | 18,766 | 59.7 | 8065 | 59.9 |
| Middle | 2152 | 4.8 | 1491 | 4.7 | 661 | 4.9 |
| Lower | 14,237 | 31.7 | 9940 | 31.6 | 4297 | 31.9 |
| Bronchus/Others | 1660 | 3.7 | 1218 | 3.9 | 442 | 3.3 |
| Histologic subtype | ||||||
| ADC | 21,933 | 48.9 | 15,321 | 48.8 | 6612 | 49.1 |
| SCC | 12,593 | 28.1 | 8871 | 28.2 | 3722 | 27.6 |
| BAC | 4746 | 10.6 | 3292 | 10.5 | 1454 | 10.8 |
| ADSC | 1279 | 2.8 | 909 | 2.9 | 370 | 2.7 |
| LCC | 1279 | 2.8 | 900 | 2.9 | 379 | 2.8 |
| Others | 1327 | 3 | 923 | 2.9 | 404 | 3 |
| Unspecified | 1723 | 3.8 | 1199 | 3.8 | 524 | 3.9 |
| Differentiation | ||||||
| Well | 6146 | 13.7 | 4292 | 13.7 | 1854 | 13.8 |
| Moderately | 19,882 | 44.3 | 13,884 | 44.2 | 5998 | 44.5 |
| Poorly | 17,783 | 39.6 | 12,485 | 39.7 | 5298 | 39.3 |
| Undifferentiated | 1069 | 2.4 | 754 | 2.4 | 315 | 2.3 |
| Clinical stage | ||||||
| I | 27,825 | 62 | 19,476 | 62 | 8349 | 62 |
| II | 6715 | 15 | 4681 | 14.9 | 2034 | 15.1 |
| III | 7982 | 17.8 | 5653 | 18 | 2329 | 17.3 |
| IV | 2358 | 5.3 | 1605 | 5.1 | 753 | 5.6 |
| Tumor size, cm | ||||||
| Mean | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | |||
| Median | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | |||
| Range | 1–20 | 1–20 | 1–20 | |||
| Tumor extent | ||||||
| Local | 29,526 | 65.8 | 20,649 | 65.7 | 8877 | 65.9 |
| Regional | 14,836 | 33.1 | 10,404 | 33.1 | 4432 | 32.9 |
| Distant | 518 | 1.2 | 362 | 1.2 | 156 | 1.2 |
| Lymph node stage | ||||||
| N0 | 32,207 | 71.8 | 22,539 | 71.7 | 9668 | 71.8 |
| N1 | 6809 | 15.2 | 4733 | 15.1 | 2076 | 15.4 |
| N2 | 5700 | 12.7 | 4027 | 12.8 | 1673 | 12.4 |
| N3 | 164 | 0.4 | 116 | 0.4 | 48 | 0.4 |
| Examined lymph node | ||||||
| Mean | 9.9 | 10 | 9.9 | |||
| Median | 8 | 8 | 8 | |||
| Range | 1–90 | 1–90 | 1–90 | |||
| Positive lymph node | ||||||
| Mean | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | |||
| Median | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Range | 0–41 | 0–41 | 0–39 | |||
| Type of surgery | ||||||
| Lobectomy | 37,203 | 82.9 | 26,056 | 82.9 | 11,147 | 82.8 |
| Pneumonectomy | 2830 | 6.3 | 1978 | 6.3 | 852 | 6.3 |
| Sub-lobar | 4847 | 10.8 | 3381 | 10.8 | 1466 | 10.9 |
| Chemotherapy | ||||||
| None | 31,835 | 70.9 | 22,214 | 70.7 | 9621 | 71.5 |
| Yes | 13,045 | 29.1 | 9201 | 29.3 | 3844 | 28.5 |
| Radiotherapy | ||||||
| None | 39,049 | 87 | 27,357 | 87.1 | 11,692 | 86.8 |
| Yes | 5831 | 13 | 4058 | 12.9 | 1773 | 13.2 |
| Lung cancer related death | 12,958 | 28.9 | 9154 | 29.1 | 3804 | 28.3 |
| Other cancer related death | 510 | 1.1 | 352 | 1.1 | 158 | 1.2 |
| Non-cancer related death | 5357 | 11.9 | 3743 | 11.9 | 1614 | 12 |
| Follow-up, months | ||||||
| Mean | 39.8 | 39.8 | 39.9 | |||
| Median | 31 | 30 | 31 | |||
| Range | 0–131 | 0–131 | 0–131 | |||
ADC adenocarcinoma, ASDC adenosquamous carcinoma, BAC bronchoalveolar carcinoma, SCC squamous cell carcinoma, LCC large cell carcinoma