Fig. 1.

Therapeutic effect of VNLG-152 in vivo. (A) Representative tumors from three groups: vehicle and VNLG-152 at 10 and 20 mg·kg⁻¹. Growth curves expressed as tumor volume (mm³) of primary tumors derived from injection of 22Rv1 cells. Effect of VNLG-152 at 10 and 20 mg·kg⁻¹ was evaluated in castrated 22Rv1 xenograft-bearing mice. Mice (n = 5) were treated with VNLG-152 (10 and 20 mg·kg⁻¹) twice daily, which was administered i.p., 5 days per week for 34 days. Tumors were measured twice a week. Tumor growth inhibition (TGI) values are indicated to the right of each growth curve, and the error bars are the SEM. (B) Mean body weight determination during VNLG-152 treatment. Body weights were measured in vehicle- or VNLG-152-injected mice once a week for the duration of the study. (C) Histological examination of liver, lung and kidney tissues in the various treatment groups after hematoxylin–eosin staining. Bars correspond to 20 μm. Results are represented as means ± SEM, *P < 0.0001 compared with control. Statistical significance was determined by Student’s t test and analysis of variance (ANOVA).