Table 4.
Factors associated with sleep deterioration and current insomnia by multivariate logistic regression.
| Variable | Worsened sleep quality |
Worsened sleep initiation |
Decrease in total sleep time |
Current insomnia |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
| Insufficient store of masks | 1.57 (1.03–2.37) ∗ | 1.72 (1.13–2.61) ∗ | 1.99 (1.32–3.01) ∗∗ | 1.96 (1.28–3.00) ∗∗ |
| Worry about family members being infected | 1.74 (1.22–2.47) ∗∗ | 1.61 (1.11–2.34) ∗ | 1.37 (0.94–1.98) | 1.24 (0.85–1.82) |
| Lack of confidence in the government to control the outbreak | 1.46 (1.10–1.95) ∗∗ | 1.43 (1.05–1.94) ∗ | 1.15 (0.85–1.55) | 1.25 (0.92–1.71) |
| Daily life being interfered due to COVID-19 | 1.73 (1.22–2.46) ∗∗ | 1.81 (1.21–2.69) ∗∗ | 1.17 (0.81–1.69) | 1.55 (1.03–2.33) ∗ |
| Low mood | 1.25 (0.91–1.73) | 1.24 (0.88–1.74) | 1.13 (0.80–1.60) | 2.10 (1.50–2.96) ∗∗∗ |
| Stress | 1.54 (1.11–2.15) ∗ | 1.79 (1.26–2.54) ∗∗ | 1.39 (0.97–1.97) | 1.65 (1.16–2.35) ∗∗ |
| Female | 1.77 (1.35–2.33) ∗∗∗ | 1.81 (1.35–2.43) ∗∗∗ | N/A | N/A |
| Tertiary education | 0.73 (0.53, 0.99) ∗ | N/A | 0.69 (0.50–0.96) ∗ | 0.66 (0.48–0.92) ∗ |
| Employment Statusa | ||||
| Economically inactive | 0.89 (0.65–1.22) | N/A | 0.55 (0.38–0.78) ∗∗ | 1.20 (0.87–1.66) |
| Unemployed | 1.49 (0.77–2.90) | N/A | 1.18 (0.61–2.31) | 0.55 (0.26–1.18) |
Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted Odds Ratio; CI, confidence interval; COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019.
∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.
a
The reference group is being employed.