Table 2.

List of natural products under clinical trials for COVID-19

Natural products	Stage of development	Classification/Possible mechanism of action for use in COVID-19
Açaí Palm Berry extract	Phase 2	Potent inhibitor of Nod-like receptor family, pyrin-containing 3 (NLRP3)
Nigella sativa	Phase 2	Immunomodulator and antiviral
Gum Arabic powder	Phase 2	Immunomodulator and anti-inflammatory agent
Natural honey	Phase 3	Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antimycobacterial
Nigella Sativa and Honey	Phase 3	Immunomodulator, antibacterial, and antiviral
Artemisinin, Curcumin, Boswellia, and Vitamin C (ArtemiC)	Phase 2	Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aggregant and anti-microbial
Traditional Chinese medicines (various herbal products are included in this category)	Phase 3	Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, decrease the level of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, inhibit lung inflammation or acute lung injury