Table 1.
Variable | Controls N = 73 |
Drug-free patients with RLS N = 102 |
p value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | ||
Demographic characteristics | |||||
Sex | |||||
Male | 28 | 38.36 | 39 | 38.24 | 0.99 |
Female | 45 | 61.64 | 63 | 61.76 | |
Age, yearsa | 56.85 (23.46; 76.65) | 58.91 (24.50; 77.22) | 0.20 | ||
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.41 (18.26; 34.53) | 25.58 (18.34; 40.40) | 0.001 | ||
BMI, kg/m2 | |||||
< 25 | 52 | 71.23 | 47 | 46.08 | 0.004 |
25–30 | 19 | 26.03 | 44 | 43.14 | |
> 30 | 2 | 2.74 | 11 | 10.78 | |
Clinical characteristics | |||||
Hypertension, Yes | 10 | 13.70 | 16 | 15.84 | 0.70 |
Hypercholesterolemia, Yes | 7 | 9.59 | 14 | 14.29 | 0.36 |
Diabetes mellitus, Yes | 2 | 2.74 | 4 | 3.96 | 0.67 |
ESS total scorea | 6.00 (0.00; 15.00) | 10.50 (0.00; 23.00) | < 0.0001 | ||
ESS total score, > 10 | 13 | 17.81 | 49 | 50.00 | < 0.0001 |
ISI total scorea | 5.00 (0.00; 19.00) | 18.00 (4.00; 28.00) | < 0.0001 | ||
ISI total score | |||||
< 8 | 45 | 64.29 | 4 | 4.44 | < 0.0001 |
[8–15] | 20 | 28.57 | 19 | 21.11 | |
≥ 22 | 5 | 7.14 | 67 | 74.44 | |
BDI II total scorea | 5.00 (0.00; 25.00) | 12.00 (1.00; 45.00) | < 0.0001 | ||
BDI II total score | |||||
≤ 13 | 64 | 91.43 | 50 | 54.95 | < 0.0001 |
14–19 | 3 | 4.29 | 15 | 16.48 | |
20–63 | 3 | 4.29 | 26 | 28.57 | |
Polysomnography measurements | |||||
Total sleep time, mina | 364.00 (146.00; 525.00) | 321.50 (53.00; 480.00) | 0.0005 | ||
Sleep efficiency, %a | 75.00 (28.37; 94.12) | 71.25 (11.00; 6,300.00) | 0.58 | ||
Wake time after sleep onset, mina | 82.00 (17.00; 263.00) | 102.00 (13.00; 404.00) | 0.01 | ||
Sleep latency, mina | 16.00 (0.00; 146.00) | 16.50 (0.00; 300.00) | 0.41 | ||
REM sleep latency, mina | 93.00 (20.00; 207.00) | 91.50 (12.00; 453.00) | 0.22 | ||
N1, %a | 6.48 (1.30; 35.79) | 7.00 (1.88; 29.70) | 0.31 | ||
N2, %a | 54.79 (33.56; 74.68) | 54.81 (30.69; 81.38) | 0.64 | ||
N3, %a | 20.27 (3.17; 42.12) | 17.42 (0.00; 45.40) | 0.11 | ||
REM sleep, %a | 16.58 (2.04; 29.17) | 20.13 (0.00; 43.21) | 0.06 | ||
Microarousal index, /ha | 14.00 (1.00; 46.00) | 22.50 (0.00; 181.00) | 0.0001 | ||
PLM during sleep index, /ha | 1.15 (0.00; 71.06) | 38.60 (0.00; 234.32) | < 0.0001 | ||
PLM during sleep index, /h, ≥ 15 | 11 | 15.07 | 67 | 65.69 | < 0.0001 |
PLM during wake index, /ha | 7.56 (0.00; 108.29) | 34.51 (0.00; 250.00) | < 0.0001 | ||
Apnea–hypopnea index, /ha | 3.77 (0.00; 40.81) | 6.05 (0.00; 55.84) | 0.16 | ||
Apnea–hypopnea index, /h ≥ 15 | 10 | 13.70 | 22 | 21.57 | 0.19 |
SaO2a | 95.00 (91.00; 98.00) | 95.00 (91.00; 98.00) | 0.90 |
BMI body mass index (weight in kg divided by the square of the body height in meters), BDI Beck Depression Inventory, ESS Epworth Severity Scale, ISI Insomnia Severity Index, PLM periodic legs movements, REM rapid eye movement, SaO2 oxygen saturation.
aQuantitative variables are expressed as median (minimum value; maximum value).