Table 8.
Summary of included original studies investigating ‘psychological’
| Author (year) | Design | Population | Concepts investigated | OMs | Adherence measures | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Age (mean) | Sex | Activity level | |||||
| Brewer et al. (2003) [73] | Prospective | 61 | 26 |
M 40 F 21 |
Competitive (57%) Recreational (41%) Non-athletes (3%) |
Self-motivation Athletic Identity Social support |
SMI, SSI, AIMS, BSI | Rehabilitation attendance index (attended/scheduled), SIRAS, self-reported home rehabilitation adherence (0–10 scale) |
| Brewer et al. (2013) [75] | Prospective | 91 | 29.7 |
M 58 F 33 |
Competitive (57%) Recreational (41%) Non-athletes (3%) |
Stress and mood Athletic identity Neuroticism Pessimism |
AIMS, NEO-FFI, PESS, LOT-R, POMS-B, Lysholm knee score, NPRS, daily stress 0-5 scale | Self-reported home rehabilitation adherence (0–10 scale) |
| Brewer et al. (2000) [62] | Prospective | 95 | 26.9 |
M 67 F 28 |
Competitive (52%) Recreational (43%) Non-athletes (3%) |
Self-motivation Athletic Identity Social support |
SMI, SSI, AIMS, BSI, KT1000, single leg hop for distance | Rehabilitation attendance index (attended/scheduled), SIRASSelf-reported rehabilitation adherence diary (0–10 scale) |
| Chan et al. (2003) [74] | Retrospective | 95 | 25.2 |
M 94 F 21 |
100% sport participation |
Autonomy Self-motivation |
HCCQ, TSRQ | Combined items from the SIRAS and Modified Patient Self-Report Scales of Their Home-based Rehabilitation Adherence |
| Hilliard et al. (2004) [76] | Prospective | 108 | 29.4 |
M 72 F 36 |
Not stated | Personality traits | NEO-FF | SIRAS, Rehabilitation attendance index (attended/scheduled) |
| Niven et al. (2012) [70] | Prospective | 87 | 29 |
M 65 F 28 |
International (10%) National (12%) District (14%) Club (45%) Recreational (18%) |
Theory of planned behaviour (self-efficacy, intention) | Attitudes towards ACL Rehabilitation Questionnaire | Self-reported rehabilitation adherence (0–7 scale) |
| Rock and Jones (2002) [71] | Case series | 3 | 32 |
M 1 F 2 |
Competitive athletes |
Social support Self-motivation Counselling |
SSBS, emotion scores in ERAIQ, NPRS, perceived rehabilitation completion (0-100 scale) | SIRAS |
| Scherzer et al. (2001) [72] | Prospective | 54 | 28 |
M 37 F 17 |
Competitive (52%) Recreational (46%) Non-athletes (2%) |
Goal setting Imagery Positive self-talk |
Sports Injury Survey subscales (goal setting, healing imagery, positive self-talk) |
Rehabilitation attendance index (attended/scheduled) Self-reported rehabilitation adherence (0-10 scale) |
AIMS athlete identity measurement scale, BSI brief symptom inventory, ERAIQ emotional response of athletes to injury questionnaire, HCCQ health care climate questionnaire, LOT-R the life orientation test-revised, NEO-FF neuroticism five-factor inventory, NPRS numerical pain rating scale, PESS pessimism, POMS-B negative mood–profile of mood states-B, SIRAS sports injury rehabilitation adherence scale, SMI self-motivation inventory, SSBS social support behaviours survey, SSI social support inventory, TSRQ treatment self-regulation questionnaire