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. 2020 May 5;14(8):2034–2045. doi: 10.1038/s41396-020-0666-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Archived microbial enrichment cultures are cultured under different growth conditions. Community functional traits, community composition and both strain and community genetic potential are measured. In the present work, freshwater nitrate reducing microbial communities are grown on 94 different carbon sources, some of which are selective for different end products or intermediates of nitrate reduction. Growth (optical density/OD 600), nitrite and ammonium are measured through colorimetric assays, and microbial community composition is determined using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. b Pure culture microbial isolates, isolate genomes, and metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) are obtained for select cultures. Matches between 16S rDNA sequences in genomes and MAGS with amplicons allows the assignment of genetic potential to the 16S rDNA exact sequence variants (ESVs) in all of the enrichment cultures.