(A) An MPS model that induces inflammatory responses in the EMI axis consisting of the intestinal epithelium, endothelium, LPS or bacterial cells, and tissue-resident mucosal macrophages (mMphs) and dendritic cells (DCs). Reproduced from [59] with permission. (B) A NutriChip that assesses the effects of dairy products by reconstituting intestinal epithelium, LPS or dairy food products, and macrophages. Bars, 50 μm. Reproduced from [61] with permission.