Table 1.
P. multocida vaccines and vaccine candidates
| No | Vaccine type | Animal | Experiment | Vaccine/Vaccine candidate | Challenge strain/serotype | Protection | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | |||||||
| 1 | Killed | Turkeys | HI1 | A:1, A:2, A:3 | X-73 | 16/15 | 80/88 | Samina, 1999 |
| 2 | Killed | Rabbits | Challenge | B:2 | B:2 serotype | 8 | 100 | Arif, 2013 |
| 3 | Killed | Mice | Challenge | P. multocida loaded alginate MPs | B:2 serotype | 10 | 6 log less than control group | Waree, 2013 |
| 4 | Killed | Mice | Challenge/cytokine assay | P. multocida A strain PMSHI-9 | P. multocida A strain PMSHI-9 | 17 | 100 | Homayoon, 2018 |
| 5 | Avirulent | Broiler chickens | Challenge | CU2 strain | P-1059 | 20 | 50 | Bierer, 1969 |
| 6 | Avirulent | Turkeys | Challenge | P-1059 | P-1059 | 20 | 97.5 | Bierer, 1972 |
| 7 | Avirulent | Turkeys | Challenge | P-1059 | X-73 | 30 | 90 | Bierer, 1972 |
| 8 | Avirulent | Turkeys | Challenge | CU strain | P-1059 | 10 | 100 | Bierer, 1977 |
| 9 | Avirulent | Turkeys | Challenge | CU strain M2283 P1580 |
P-1059 | 40 | 100 | Dua, 1978 |
| 10 | Avirulent | Broiler chickens | Challenge | CU strain | X-73 | 40 | 95–97.5 | Rice, 1977 |
| 11 | Avirulent | Turkeys | Challenge | Serotype 3 | X-73 | 4 | 90–100 | Singer, 1979 |
| 12 | Avirulent | Holstein-Friesian calves | Challenge | A:3 | A:3 | 11 | NA | Chengapa, 1989 |
| 13 | Avirulent | Holstein dairy calves | IgG IgM | Modified-live P. multocida vaccine | NA | 179 | 5.3 fold more | Aubry, 2001 |
| 14 | Avirulent | Swine | Cytokines assay | SPML3 vaccine | NA | 10 | NA | Zhang, 2007 |
| 15 | Avirulent | Mice | Challenge | CNP-VRIL2S4 CNP-VRIL25 |
C44-8 | 15 | 90 60 | Gao, 2007 |
| 16 | Avirulent | Cattle | Challenge | A1 | A6 | 6 | 5 log less than control group | Crouch, 2012 |
| 17 | Avirulent | Mice | Challenge | N-PMT6 | D | 12 | 87.5 | Kim, 2010 |
| 18 | Avirulent | Pigs | IgG | N-PMT | D | 3 | Significantly increased | Kim, 2012 |
| 19 | Avirulent | Ducks | Challenge | 0818 strain fur mutant | 0818 strain | 65 | 62 | Liu Q, 2019 |
| 20 | Subunit | Piglet | Challenge | Truncated PMT | Type D | 7 | Significantly decreased in clinical symptoms | Riising, 2002 |
| 21 | Subunit | Rabbits | IgG | PTE | D:3 | 15 | Significantly increased | Suckow, 2008 |
| 22 | Subunit | Pigs | Abs | rsPMT | Type D | 9 | Significantly increased | Chien, 2006 |
| 23 | Recombinant | Mice | Abs | IL-6 | C44-8 | 15 | Significantly increased | Gao, 2009 |
| 24 | Recombinant | Goats | Abs | Fimbrial protein | B: 2 | 15 | Significantly increased | Mohd Yasin, 2011 |
| 25 | Recombinant | Turkeys | Challenge | rFHAB2 | x-73 | 40 | 75% | Tatum, 2012 |
| 26 | DNA Vaccine | Mice | Challenge | tbpA | P-52 | 12 | 83.3 | Singh, 2011 |
| 27 | DNA Vaccine | Chicken | Challenge | pOMPHA | CVCC474 | 20 | 75 | Gong, 2013 |
| 28 | DNA Vaccine | Chicken | Challenge | ptfA g | CVCC474 | 25 | 100 | Gong, 2018 |
| 29 | Ghost | Mice | Challenge | NA | 2365/A:7 | 10 | 100 | Marchart, 2003 |
| 30 | DNA Vaccine | Chicken | Challenge | NA | A:1 | 20 | 100 | Herath, 2010 |