Table 1. Patient Characteristics.
| Characteristic | Pneumonia, No. (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Community-acquired (n = 9540) | Hospital-acquired (n = 2733) | |
| Demographics | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 67.6 (17.0) | 66.7 (16.2) |
| Women | 4574 (48.0) | 1211 (44.3) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| White | 7500 (78.6) | 2230 (81.6) |
| Black | 833 (8.7) | 204 (7.5) |
| Hispanic | 327 (3.4) | 64 (2.3) |
| Asian | 308 (3.2) | 94 (3.4) |
| Other | 572 (6.0) | 141 (5.2) |
| Clinical service on day 1 of antibiotics for pneumonia | ||
| Cardiac surgery | 13 (0.1) | 38 (1.4) |
| Cardiology | 190 (2.0) | 80 (2.9) |
| Emergencya | 2450 (25.7) | 32 (1.2) |
| Gynecology | 4 (0.0) | 7 (0.3) |
| Intensive care | 634 (6.7) | 346 (12.7) |
| Medicine | 4641 (48.7) | 1093 (40.0) |
| Neurology | 88 (0.9) | 120 (4.4) |
| Obstetrics | 11 (0.1) | 8 (0.3) |
| Oncology | 1262 (13.2) | 626 (22.9) |
| Surgery | 242 (2.5) | 378 (13.8) |
| Other | 5 (0.1) | 5 (0.2) |
| Comorbiditiesb | ||
| Congestive heart failure | 1787 (18.7) | 534 (19.5) |
| Myocardial infarction | 468 (4.9) | 154 (5.6) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 2413 (25.3) | 407 (14.9) |
| Dementia | 392 (4.1) | 94 (3.4) |
| Diabetes | 1629 (17.1) | 451 (16.6) |
| Liver disease | 370 (3.9) | 166 (6.1) |
| Neurologic disease | 423 (4.4) | 308 (13.3) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1111 (11.6) | 281 (10.3) |
| Cancer | 1696 (17.8) | 672 (24.6) |
| Charlson comorbidity index score, mean (SD) | 2.0 (2.2) | 2.3 (2.3) |
| Outcomes | ||
| Length of stay, median (IQR) | 5 (3-9) | 13 (8-23) |
| Hospital death | 610 (6.4) | 421 (15.4) |
Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range.
a
Discharge services for patients initially prescribed antibiotics for pneumonia in the emergency department included medicine (51.3%), emergency department observation unit (36.3%), oncology (7.4%), and surgery (2.6%).