Incidence of survival in African green monkeys after Nipah virus (NiV) challenge and resulting viremia and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations. (A), Kaplan-Meier survival curve. B–F, Viral RNA copy concentrations in whole blood (B), serum (C), CSF (D), oral swab (E), and nasal swab (F) samples. Viral RNA was detected in 4 of 6 animals, with no detectable viral RNA in oral (E) and nasal (F) mucosa in animal 8168, which succumbed on day 5 after exposure, or in 1 survivor (8212). The other survivor (8671) had peak viral replication in mucosa on day 9 after exposure, which then dropped to normal on day 12 after exposure.