Figure 3.

Effects of HAS on the ΔΨ_m in PC12 cells (×100). Cells were pretreated with vitamin C (100 μM) or HAS (15, 30, and 60 μM) for 2 h and then incubated in the presence of H₂O₂ (90 μM) for 4 h. ΔΨ_m was measured using a JC-1 assay kit and observed using a laser confocal microscopy under a 100× microscope. HAS: hydroxy-α-sanshool. The values were represented as the mean ± SD (n = 3). ^∗∗P < 0.01 vs. the control group.