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. 2020 Jul 1;117(28):16283–16291. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2003667117

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.

Modulation of honeybee (A. mellifera) and bumblebee (B. terrestris) nAChRs by imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and clothianidin. Neonicotinoid modulation of 100 μM ACh-induced response of the A. mellifera (A) and B. terrestris nAChRs (B) were examined according to the same method as performed for the fruit fly (D. melanogaster) nAChRs (Fig. 2). Bar graphs represent mean ± SEM, and data points are plotted in each bar graph (n = 5). *P < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni test) compared with untreated control response to ACh.