TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of male and female patients with AF
| Characteristic | Male (n = 898) | Female (n = 1093) | All (n = 1991) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics, n (%) | ||||
| Age (y) | 70 (58‐77) | 72 (61‐79) | 71 (60‐78) | .027 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.8 (21.6‐26.0) | 23.0 (21.0‐25.2) | 23.4 (21.3‐25.7) | <.001 |
| BMI categories, n (%) | ||||
| Underweight (BMI < 18.5) | 51 (5.7%) | 108 (9.9%) | 159 (8.0%) | <.001 |
| Normal weight (BMI 18.5–23.9) | 422 (47.0%) | 560 (51.2%) | 982 (49.3%) | |
| Overweight (BMI 24–27.9) | 322 (35.9%) | 316 (28.9%) | 638 (32.0%) | |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 28) | 103 (11.5%) | 109 (10.0%) | 212 (10.6%) | |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 130 (119‐147) | 130 (116‐145.5) | 130 (117‐146) | .690 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 80 (70‐90) | 80 (70‐90) | 80 (70‐90) | .184 |
| Ventricular rate (bpm) | 96 (80‐120) | 98 (80‐120) | 97 (80‐120) | .643 |
| Prior diagnosis of AF | 719 (80.1%) | 889 (81.3%) | 1608 (80.8%) | .475 |
| AF as a main diagnosis | 373 (41.5%) | 446 (40.8%) | 819 (41.1%) | .741 |
| Type of AF, n (%) | ||||
| Paroxysmal | 282 (31.4%) | 326 (29.8%) | 608 (30.5%) | .673 |
| Persistent | 204 (22.7%) | 245 (22.4%) | 449 (22.6%) | |
| Permanent | 412 (45.9%) | 522 (47.8%) | 934 (46.9%) | |
| Medical histories, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 492 (54.8%) | 618 (56.5%) | 1110 (55.8%) | .433 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 133 (14.8%) | 176 (16.1%) | 309(15.5%) | .428 |
| Heart failure | 310 (34.5%) | 434 (39.7%) | 744 (37.4%) | .017 |
| Coronary artery disease | 408 (45.4%) | 427 (39.1%) | 835 (41.9%) | .004 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 86 (9.6%) | 61 (5.6%) | 147 (7.4%) | .001 |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy | 145 (16.1%) | 177 (16.2%) | 322 (16.2%) | .977 |
| Congenital heart disease | 22 (2.4%) | 21 (1.9%) | 43 (2.2%) | .419 |
| Valvular AF | 67 (7.5%) | 186 (17.0%) | 253 (12.7%) | <.001 |
| Stroke/TIA | 181 (20.2%) | 193 (17.7%) | 374 (18.8%) | .156 |
| Dementia | 21 (2.3%) | 23 (2.1%) | 44 (2.2%) | .724 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 18 (2.0%) | 48 (4.4%) | 66 (3.3%) | .003 |
| COPD | 114 (12.7%) | 114 (10.4%) | 228 (11.5%) | .114 |
| Tobacco use | 370 (41.2%) | 55 (5.0%) | 425 (21.3%) | <.001 |
| CHA2DS2‐VASc score ≥2 | 623 (69.4%) | 987 (90.3%) | 1610 (80.9%) | <.001 |
| Prior major bleeding | 27 (3.0%) | 21 (1.9%) | 48 (2.4%) | .116 |
| Medication status, n (%) | ||||
| β blocker | 397 (44.2%) | 477 (43.6%) | 874 (43.9%) | .799 |
| ACEI/ARB | 349 (38.9%) | 410 (37.5%) | 759 (38.1%) | .536 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 198 (22.0%) | 263 (24.1%) | 461 (23.2%) | .289 |
| Digoxin | 253 (28.2%) | 356 (32.6%) | 609 (30.6%) | .034 |
| Amiodarone | 87 (9.7%) | 104 (9.5%) | 191 (9.6%) | .896 |
| Propafenone | 25 (2.8%) | 28 (2.6%) | 53 (2.7%) | .759 |
| Anticoagulant | 185 (20.6%) | 259 (23.7%) | 444 (22.3%) | .099 |
| Aspirin | 506 (56.3%) | 586 (53.6%) | 1092 (54.8%) | .223 |
| Statin | 226 (25.2%) | 250 (22.9%) | 476 (23.9%) | .232 |
| Diuretic | 331 (36.9%) | 437 (40.0%) | 768 (38.6%) | .154 |
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TIA transient ischemic attack.