TABLE 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients with HOCM grouped according to OSA severity
| Variables | None OSA (n = 151) | Mild OSA (n = 89) | Moderate to severe OSA (n = 79) | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 95 (62.9) | 54 (60.7) | 65 (82.3) | .004 |
| Age (y) | 44.8 ± 14.0 | 55.3 ± 10.5 | 51.8 ± 14.0 | <.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.6 ± 3.2 | 26.5 ± 3.1 | 27.5 ± 3.6 | <.001 |
| Cigarette use | 53 (35.1) | 37 (41.6) | 44 (55.7) | .011 |
| Hypertension | 31 (20.5) | 43 (48.3) | 51 (64.6) | <.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 20 (13.2) | 29 (32.6) | 35 (44.3) | <.001 |
| Diabetes | 7 (4.6) | 7 (7.9) | 8 (10.1) | .270 |
| Coronary heart disease | 12 (7.9) | 9 (10.1) | 16 (20.3) | .019 |
| Stroke | 0 (0.0) | 6 (6.7) | 3 (3.8) | .008 |
| NYHA class II‐III | 105 (69.5) | 74 (83.1) | 63 (79.7) | .038 |
| Familiar history of HCM | 20 (10.1) | 8 (9.0) | 7 (8.9) | .468 |
| Familiar history of SCD | 5 (3.3) | 3 (3.4) | 5 (6.3) | .505 |
| Syncope | 18 (11.9) | 18 (20.2) | 13 (16.5) | .216 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 12 (7.9) | 17 (19.1) | 16 (20.3) | .011 |
| Ventricular tachycardia | 19 (12.6) | 11 (12.4) | 10 (12.7) | .998 |
| High hs‐CRP level (%) | 17 (11.3) | 15 (16.9) | 21 (26.6) | .012 |
| Hs‐CRP (mg/L) | 0.7 (0.3–1.3) | 1.0 (0.5–2.1) | 1.4 (0.6–3.1) | <.001 |
| Fasting blood sugar (mmol/L) | 4.6 ± 0.8 | 5.1 ± 1.2 | 5.1 ± 1.3 | <.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.4 ± 0.9 | 4.5 ± 1.0 | 4.4 ± 1.0 | .466 |
| Creatinine (mmol/L) | 81.6 ± 15.1 | 84.3 ± 16.5 | 84.5 ± 16.9 | .296 |
| Echocardiographic data | ||||
| LVOTG at rest (mm Hg) | 62.0 (41.5‐91.0) | 61.0 (42.0‐87.0) | 58.0 (34.0‐81.5) | .671 |
| LAD (mm) | 43.0 ± 6.1 | 43.8 ± 6.3 | 43.7 ± 6.8 | .508 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 41.9 ± 4.3 | 43.8 ± 4.6 | 45.6 ± 4.8 | <.001 |
| IVST (mm) | 19.9 ± 4.8 | 18.5 ± 5.1 | 18.2 ± 4.0 | .011 |
| LVEF (%) | 68.7 ± 6.0 | 67.6 ± 5.5 | 68.8 ± 5.6 | .283 |
| PSG parameters | ||||
| AHI (events/h) | 1.4 (0.6‐2.8) | 8.3 (6.4‐11.4) | 25.8 (19.9‐37.6) | <.001 |
| ODI (events/h) | 2.3 (1.0‐4.4) | 8.4 (5.9‐11.3) | 23.5 (18.4‐36.3) | <.001 |
| Longest apnea/hypopnea time (s) | 33.5 (24.0‐51.8) | 62.5 (46.2‐79.5) | 79.3 (61.2‐97.6) | <.001 |
| Lowest SaO2 (%) | 89.0 (86.0‐90.0) | 85.0 (82.0‐88.0) | 79.0 (74.0‐83.0) | <.001 |
| Mean SaO2 (%) | 94.4 (94.0‐95.0) | 93.3 (92.9‐94.3) | 93.0 (91.8‐94.0) | <.001 |
| TST with SaO2 < 90% (%) | 0.1 (0.0‐1.6) | 1.8 (0.2‐8.3) | 8.6 (2.9‐15.5) | <.001 |
| Snoring time ratio (%) | 2.8 (0.4‐6.7) | 6.0 (1.5‐11.8) | 12.9 (4.7‐19.2) | <.001 |
| HR during sleep | 71.6 ± 9.3 | 69.9 ± 10.7 | 72.2 ± 10.0 | .281 |
| Supine time (min) | 208.0 (189.5‐305.0) | 208.0 (155.0‐259.0) | 208.0 (128.0‐252.5) | .039 |
| Total recording time (min) | 506.0 (467.0‐560.0) | 491.0 (448.0‐533.0) | 457.0 (410.5‐522.0) | .069 |
Note: Values are presented as mean ± SD, as median (interquartile range), or as n (%).
Abbreviations: AHI, apnea hypopnea index; BMI, body mass index; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; hs‐CRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; HR, heart rate; IVST, Interventricular septum thickness; LVOTG, left ventricular outflow tract gradient; LAD, left atrial diameter; LVEDD, left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; ODI, oxygen desaturation index; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; PSG, polysomnography; SCD, sudden cardiac death; SaO2, oxygen saturation; TST, total sleep time.